Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/238)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“The majesty of our Lord” means [the glory] (1) of our Lord and His greatness. This was said by Mujahid, Ikrimah, and Qatadah. One says of a man that he has become great—that is, he has grown in stature. Anas said: “When a man had recited al-Baqarah and Al Imran, his standing among us became great”—that is, his rank became elevated.

Al-Suddi said: “The majesty of our Lord” means the command of our Lord. Al-Hasan said: it means the self-sufficiency of our Lord. From this comes the use of the word for good fortune, and the description of a man as fortunate.

Ibn Abbas said: it means the power of our Lord. Al-Dahhak said: His action.

Al-Qurazi said: His blessings and favors upon His creation.

Al-Akhfash said: “The dominion of our Lord is exalted; He has taken neither a consort nor a child.” It was said: He, glorified and exalted is He, is too exalted and majestic to take a consort [or a child] (2).

“And that the foolish one among us has been speaking about Allah an outrageous falsehood. (4) And we had thought that men and jinn would never speak a lie about Allah. (5) And there were men among mankind who sought refuge in men among the jinn, so they only increased them in burden. (6)”

“And that the foolish one among us has been speaking”: that is, the ignorant one among us. Mujahid and Qatadah said: This refers to Iblis. “About Allah an outrageous falsehood”: that is, lies and transgression, namely, ascribing to Him a partner and a child. “And we had thought”: that is, we had supposed, “that men and jinn would never speak a lie about Allah.” Yaqub recited it as taqawwala, with the waw bearing a fathah and doubled. That is, we had thought them truthful in their claim that Allah has a consort and a child, until we heard the Quran.

Allah Most High says: “And there were men among mankind who sought refuge in men among the jinn.” This was because, in the pre-Islamic period, when an Arab man travelled and night overtook him in a barren land, he would say, “I seek refuge in the master of this valley from the evil of the foolish among his people.” He would then spend the night in safety and under their protection until morning.

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Ibn Fanjawayh informed us; Abdullah ibn Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Malik related to us; Abu al-Qasim [Abd al-Rahman] (3) ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Marwazi

(1) In manuscript A: jadd (grandfather). (2) In manuscript B: wa-la waladan (nor a child). (3) In manuscript B: Abd Allah; the reading adopted in the text is correct.

﴿جَدُّ رَبِّنَا﴾ [جَلَالُ] (١) رَبِّنَا وَعَظَمَتِهِ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ. يُقَالُ: جَدَّ الرَّجُلُ أَيْ: عَظُمَ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُ أَنَسٍ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ جَدَّ فِينَا أَيْ: عَظُمَ قَدْرُهُ. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: "جَدُّ رَبِّنَا" أَيْ أَمْرُ رَبِّنَا. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: غِنَى رَبِّنَا. وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ لِلْجَدِّ: حَظٌّ وَرَجُلٌ مَجْدُودٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: قُدْرَةُ رَبِّنَا. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: فِعْلُهُ. وَقَالَ الْقُرَظِيُّ: آلَاؤُهُ وَنَعْمَاؤُهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ. وَقَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: عَلَا مُلْكُ رَبِّنَا ﴿مَا اتَّخَذَ صَاحِبَةً وَلَا وَلَدًا﴾ قِيلَ: تَعَالَى ﷻ وَعَظَمَتُهُ عَنْ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ صَاحِبَةً [أَوْ وَلَدًا] (٢) . ﴿وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا عَلَى اللَّهِ شَطَطًا (٤) وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّا أَنْ لَنْ تَقُولَ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا (٥) وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًا (٦) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا﴾ جَاهِلُنَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ: هُوَ إِبْلِيسُ ﴿عَلَى اللَّهِ شَطَطًا﴾ كَذِبًا وَعُدْوَانًا وَهُوَ وَصْفُهُ بِالشَّرِيكِ وَالْوَلَدِ. ﴿وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّا﴾ حَسَبْنَا ﴿أَنْ لَنْ تَقُولَ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ﴾ قَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ "تَقَوَّلَ" بِفَتْحِ الْوَاوِ وَتَشْدِيدِهَا ﴿عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا﴾ أَيْ: كُنَّا نَظُنُّهُمْ صَادِقِينَ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ صَاحِبَةً وَوَلَدًا حَتَّى سَمِعْنَا الْقُرْآنَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ فَأَمْسَى فِي أَرْضٍ قَفْرٍ، قَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِسَيِّدِ هَذَا الْوَادِي مِنْ شَرِّ سُفَهَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، فَيَبِيتُ فِي أَمْنٍ وَجِوَارٍ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ [عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ] (٣) بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ

(١) في "أ" جد. (٢) في "ب" ولا ولدا. (٣) في "ب" عبد الله والصحيح ما أثبت.