Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/234)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And Noah said, ‘My Lord, do not leave upon the earth a single inhabitant from among the disbelievers. (26) Indeed, if You leave them, they will lead Your servants astray and will beget none but wicked, ungrateful disbelievers. (27) My Lord, forgive me, my parents, whoever enters my house as a believer, and the believing men and believing women. And do not increase the wrongdoers except in destruction.’” (28)

“And Noah said, ‘My Lord, do not leave upon the earth a single inhabitant from among the disbelievers’”: that is, not a single person who moves about the earth, coming and going. The word is originally derived from moving about. Ibn Qutaybah said: “Its origin is derived from house; that is, one who dwells in a house.” (1)

“Indeed, if You leave them, they will lead Your servants astray”: Ibn Abbas, al-Kalbi, and Muqatil said: “A man would take his son to Noah and say, ‘Beware of this man, for he is a liar. My father warned me against him as well.’ Thus, the elder would die, and the younger would grow up upon this belief.”

“And will beget none but wicked, ungrateful disbelievers”: Muhammad ibn Kab, Muqatil, al-Rabi, and others said: Noah only said this after Allah had brought forth every believer from their loins and from the wombs of their women, rendered the wombs of their women barren, and made the loins of their men infertile forty years before the punishment. [It was also said: seventy years.] (3) Allah had informed Noah that they would neither believe nor beget a believer. It was then that Noah supplicated against them, and Allah answered his supplication and destroyed them all. There was not a single child among them at the time of the punishment, for Allah Most High says: “And the people of Noah—when they denied the messengers, We drowned them.” (al-Furqan 37) Denial was not found among children. (4)

“My Lord, forgive me and my parents”: his father’s name was Lamech ibn Methuselah, and his mother’s name was Samha, daughter of Anush. They were both believers. [It was also said that her name was Hayjal, daughter of Lamush ibn Methuselah; thus, she was his cousin.] (5)

“And whoever enters my house”: that is, my dwelling, “as a believer.” Al-Dahhak and al-Kalbi said: “My mosque.” It was also said: “My ark.”

“And the believing men and believing women”: this is general and includes everyone who believes in Allah and affirms the messengers.

“And do not increase the wrongdoers except in destruction”: that is, ruin and devastation. Allah therefore answered his supplication and destroyed them.

(1) In manuscript B: al-Qutaybi. (2) See al-Qurtayn, 2:182. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (4) The author of al-Bahr al-Muhit mentioned it, 8:343, then said: “This does not appear sound, because he said, ‘If You leave them, they will mislead Your servants’ [Quran 71:27]. His statement, ‘and they will beget none but wicked disbelievers,’ indicates that he did not render the wombs of their women barren. This was also said by Muhammad ibn Kab and al-Rabi ibn Zayd, but it does not appear sound, as we have stated.” (5) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B.

﴿وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا (٢٦) إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا (٢٧) رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا﴾ أَحَدًا يَدُورُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَذْهَبُ وَيَجِيءُ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الدَّوَرَانِ وَقَالَ [ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ] (١) إِنَّ أَصْلَهُ مِنَ الدَّارِ، أَيْ: نَازِلُ دَارٍ (٢) . ﴿إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْكَلْبِيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَنْطَلِقُ بِابْنِهِ إِلَى نُوحٍ فَيَقُولُ: احْذَرْ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ، وَإِنَّ أَبِي حَذَّرَنِيهِ فَيَمُوتُ الْكَبِيرُ وَيَنْشَأُ الصَّغِيرُ عَلَيْهِ ﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا﴾ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ، وَالرَّبِيعُ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ نُوحٌ هَذَا حِينَ أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ كُلَّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ أَصْلَابِهِمْ وَأَرْحَامِ نِسَائِهِمْ وَأَعْقَمَ أَرْحَامَ نِسَائِهِمْ وَأَيْبَسَ أَصْلَابَ رِجَالِهِمْ قَبْلَ الْعَذَابِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً. [وَقِيلَ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً] (٣) وَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ نُوحًا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَا يَلِدُونَ مُؤْمِنًا فَحِينَئِذٍ دَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ نُوحٌ فَأَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهُ، وَأَهْلَكَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمْ صَبِيٌّ وَقْتَ الْعَذَابِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: "وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّا كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ" (الْفُرْقَانِ-٣٧) وَلَمْ يُوجَدِ التَّكْذِيبُ مِنَ الْأَطْفَالِ (٤) . ﴿رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ﴾ وَاسْمُ أَبِيهِ: لَمْكُ بْنُ مَتُّوشَلَخَ، وَاسْمُ أُمِّهِ: سَمْحَاءُ بِنْتُ أَنُوشَ، وَكَانَا مُؤْمِنَيْنِ [وَقِيلَ اسْمُهَا هَيْجَلُ بِنْتُ لَامُوشَ بْنِ مَتُّوشَلَخَ فَكَانَتْ بِنْتَ عَمِّهِ] (٥) ﴿وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ﴾ دَارِيَ ﴿مُؤْمِنًا﴾ وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: مَسْجِدِي. وَقِيلَ: سَفِينَتِي ﴿وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ هَذَا عَامٌّ فِي كُلِّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَصَدَّقَ الرُّسُلَ ﴿وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا﴾ هَلَاكًا وَدَمَارًا فَاسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهُ فَأَهْلَكَهُمْ.

(١) في "ب" القتيبي. (٢) انظر: القرطين: ٢ / ١٨٢. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٤) ذكره صاحب البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٣٤٣ ثم قال: "وهذا لا يظهر لأنه قال: "إنك إن تذرهم يضلوا عبادك" الآية، فقوله: "ولا يلدوا إلا فاجرا وكفارا" يدل على أنه لم يعقم أرحام نسائهم، وقاله محمد بن كعب والربيع بن زيد ولا يظهر كما قلنا". (٥) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".