Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/233)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

for Kalb at Dumat al-Jandal. As for Suwa', it belonged to Hudhayl; Yaghuth belonged to Murad, then to the clan of Ghatif at al-Jurf near Saba'; Ya'uq belonged to Hamdan; and Nasr belonged to Himyar, to the family of Dhu al-Kila'. (1) He mentioned this in his exegesis.

Sufyan narrated from Musa, from Muhammad ibn Qays, concerning His saying: “Never abandon Wadd, Suwa', Yaghuth, Ya'uq, or Nasr.” He said: “They were the names of righteous men from Noah’s people. When they died, Satan inspired their people: ‘Set up monuments in the places where they used to sit, and name them after them.’ So they did so, but they were not worshipped until those people had died and knowledge had been effaced; then they came to be worshipped.” (2)

It is related from Ibn Abbas that the Flood buried those idols and covered them with earth. They remained buried until Satan brought them out for the Arab polytheists. The Arabs also had other idols: al-Lat belonged to Thaqif; al-Uzza to Sulaym, Ghatfan, and Jusham; Manat to Qudayd; and Isaf, Na'ilah, and Hubal to the people of Mecca.

“They have led many astray. Do not increase the wrongdoers except in error.” (24) “Because of their sins, they were drowned, then made to enter a Fire; and they found no helpers besides Allah.” (25)

“They have led many astray”: that is, many people went astray because of the idols, just as He says: “My Lord, they have led many people astray.” (Ibrahim 36) Muqatil said: “Their chiefs led many people astray.”

“Do not increase the wrongdoers except in error”: this was a supplication against them after Allah had informed Noah that they would not believe, as stated in His saying: “None of your people will believe except those who have already believed.” (Hud 36)

“Because of their sins”: that is, because of their sins; the word ma is supplementary. Abu Amr recited it as khatayahum (“their sins”); both forms are plurals of khati'ah (sin).

“They were drowned”: by the Flood. “Then made to enter a Fire”: al-Dahhak said, “This occurred in a single state in this world: they were drowned from one side and burned from another.” Muqatil said: “They were made to enter a Fire in the Hereafter.”

“And they found no helpers besides Allah”: they found no one to protect them from Allah’s punishment.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in his Tafsir, in the commentary on Surat Nuh, chapter: “Wadd, Suwa, Yaghuth, and Ya'uq,” 8:667. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in his Tafsir, in the commentary on Surat Nuh, chapter: “Wadd, Suwa, Yaghuth, and Ya'uq,” 8:667. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said, 8:669: “Then this commentator—meaning al-Sadafi—said: ‘The correct reading is wa-hiya.’ I say: In the narration of Muhammad ibn Thawr, after the words, ‘As for Nasr, it belonged to the family of Dhu al-Kala',' there occurs: ‘It is said that these were the names of righteous people.’ This is the more coherent and correct wording. Some commentators said: The views concerning these idols may be summarized in two: first, that they were among the people of Nuh; and second, that they were the names of righteous men, followed by the rest of the account. I say: Rather, these return to a single view: the story of the righteous people was the beginning of the worship of these idols by the people of Nuh, after which those who came after them followed their example.”

لِكَلْبٍ بِدَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَأَمَّا سُوَاعٌ فَكَانَتْ لِهُذَيْلٍ، وَأَمَّا يَغُوثُ فَكَانَتْ لِمُرَادٍ ثُمَّ لَبَنِي غَطِيفٍ بِالْجَرْفِ عِنْدَ سَبَإٍ وَأَمَّا يَعُوقُ فَكَانَتْ لِهَمْدَانَ، وَأَمَّا نَسْرٌ فَكَانَتْ لِحِمْيَرٍ لِآلِ ذِي الْكُلَاعِ (١) ذَكَرَهُ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ. وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ عَنْ مُوسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: "وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّا وَلَا سُوَاعًا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًا" قَالَ: كَانَتْ أَسْمَاءَ رِجَالٍ صَالِحِينَ مِنْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ، فَلَمَّا هَلَكُوا أَوْحَى الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ: أَنِ انْصِبُوا فَى مَجَالِسِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَجْلِسُونَ فِيهَا أَنْصَابًا وَسَمَّوْهَا بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا فَلَمْ تُعْبَدْ حَتَّى إِذَا هَلَكَ أُولَئِكَ وَنُسِخَ الْعِلْمُ عُبِدَتْ (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْأَوْثَانَ دَفَنَهَا الطُّوفَانُ وَطَمَّهَا التُّرَابُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مَدْفُونَةٌ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَهَا الشَّيْطَانُ لِمُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ، وَكَانَتْ لِلْعَرَبِ أَصْنَامٌ أُخَرُ فَاللَّاتُ كَانَتْ لِثَقِيفٍ، وَالْعُزَّى لِسُلَيْمٍ وَغَطَفَانَ وَجَشْمٍ وَمَنَاةُ لِقَدِيدٍ، وَإِسَافُ وَنَائِلَةُ وَهُبَلُ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ. ﴿وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَالًا (٢٤) مِمَّا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ أُغْرِقُوا فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْصَارًا (٢٥) ﴾ ﴿وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: ضَلَّ بِسَبَبِ الْأَصْنَامِ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ كَقَوْلِهِ ﷿: "رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ" (إِبْرَاهِيمَ-٣٦) وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَضَلَّ كُبَرَاؤُهُمْ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ ﴿وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَالًا﴾ هَذَا دُعَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَمَا أَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ نُوحًا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: "أَنَّهُ لَنْ يُؤْمِنَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ إِلَّا مَنْ قَدْ آمَنَ" (هُودٍ-٣٦) . ﴿مِمَّا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ وَ"مَا" صِلَةٌ، وَقَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: "خَطَايَاهُمْ" وَكِلَاهُمَا جَمْعُ خَطِيئَةٍ ﴿أُغْرِقُوا﴾ بِالطُّوفَانِ ﴿فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا﴾ قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: هِيَ فِي حَالَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا يُغْرَقُونَ مِنْ جَانِبٍ وَيَحْتَرِقُونَ مِنْ جَانِبٍ، وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا فِي الْآخِرَةِ ﴿فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْصَارًا﴾ لَمْ يَجِدُوا أَحَدًا يَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير - تفسير سورة نوح، باب (ودا ولا سواعا ولا يغوث ويعوق) ٨ / ٦٦٧. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير - تفسير سورة نوح، باب (ودا ولا سواعا ولا يغوث ويعوق) ٨ / ٦٦٧. قال الحافظ - ابن حجر -: ٨ / ٦٦٩: "ثم قال هذا الشارح (يعني الصدفي) والصواب وهي. قلت: ووقع في رواية محمد بن ثور بعد قوله "وأما نسر فكانت لآل ذي الكلاع، قال: "ويقال هذه أسماء قوم صالحين" وهذا أوجه الكلام وصوابه، وقال بعض الشراح: محصل ما قيل في هذه الأصنام قولان: أحدهما أنها كانت في قوم نوح، والثاني أنها كانت أسماء رجال صالحين إلى آخر القصة. قلت: بل مرجع ذلك إلى قول واحد، وقصة الصالحين كانت مبتدأ عبادة قوم نوح هذه الأصنام ثم تبعهم من بعدهم على ذلك".