Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/231)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And grant you an increase in wealth and children, and provide for you gardens and rivers. (12) Why is it that you do not revere Allah as is due to His majesty, (13) when He has created you in successive stages? (14) Have you not considered how Allah created seven heavens, one above another, (15) and placed the moon among them as a light, and made the sun a shining lamp? (16) Allah has caused you to grow from the earth as a growth; (17) then He will return you to it and bring you forth once more. (18) And Allah has made the earth a broad expanse for you. (19)

“And grant you an increase in wealth and children”: Ata said, “He will multiply your wealth and children.” “And provide for you gardens and rivers. Why is it that you do not revere Allah as is due to His majesty?” Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said: “You do not recognize Allah’s greatness.” Said ibn Jubayr said: “Why do you not magnify Allah as is due to His greatness?” Al-Kalbi said: “Why do you not fear Allah as is due to His greatness?”

The term rajaʾ (hope) here carries the meaning of fear, while waqar (majesty) means greatness. It is a noun derived from tawqir (veneration), meaning to magnify and honor. Al-Hasan said: “You do not acknowledge any right due to Allah, nor do you thank Him for any blessing.” Ibn Kaysan said: “Why, in worshipping Allah, do you not hope that He will reward you generously for venerating Him?”

“When He has created you in successive stages”: that is, at different times and in one state after another: a drop of fluid, then a clinging clot, then a morsel of flesh, until the creation is complete. “Have you not considered how Allah created seven heavens, one above another, and placed the moon among them as a light?” Al-Hasan said: This means in the lowest heaven, just as one says, “I came to Banu Tamim,” though he came only to some of them; or, “So-and-so is hidden among the dwellings of such-and-such a clan,” though he is only in one house. Abd Allah ibn Amr said: “The faces of the sun and moon are turned toward the heavens, and the sunlight and moonlight are within them, while their backs are turned toward the earth.” (1) This is also narrated from Ibn Abbas. (2)

“And made the sun a shining lamp”: an illuminating lamp. “Allah has caused you to grow from the earth as a growth”: this refers to the beginning of Adam’s creation, for He created him from the earth, and mankind are his descendants. The word nabatan (growth) is a noun used in place of a verbal noun, meaning inbatan (causing to grow). Al-Khalil said: Its intended sense is: “He caused you to grow, and thus you grew, a growth.” “Then He will return you to it” after death, “and bring you forth” from it, alive, on the Day of Resurrection, “once more.” “And Allah has made the earth a broad expanse for you”: He laid it out and spread it for you.

(1) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in Al-Tafsir, 2:319. (2) Al-Hafiz mentioned it in Al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 177, and said: “Mawquf (stopped at the Companion level).”

﴿وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا (١٢) مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا (١٣) وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا (١٤) أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا (١٥) وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا (١٦) وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا (١٧) ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا (١٨) وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا (١٩) ﴾ ﴿وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُكَثِّرْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَوْلَادَكُمْ ﴿وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: لَا تَرَوْنَ لِلَّهِ عَظَمَةً. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مَا لَكَمَ لَا تُعَظِّمُونَ اللَّهَ حَقَّ عَظَمَتِهِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: لَا تَخَافُونَ اللَّهَ حَقَّ عَظَمَتِهِ. وَ"الرَّجَاءُ" بِمَعْنَى الْخَوْفِ، وَ"الْوَقَارُ" الْعَظَمَةُ اسْمٌ مِنَ التَّوْقِيرِ وَهُوَ التَّعْظِيمُ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: لَا تَعْرِفُونَ لِلَّهِ حَقًا وَلَا تَشْكُرُونَ لَهُ نِعْمَةً. قَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: مَا لَكَمَ لَا تَرْجُونَ فِي عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُثِيبَكُمْ عَلَى تَوْقِيرِكُمْ إِيَّاهُ خَيْرًا. ﴿وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا﴾ تَارَاتٍ حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ نُطْفَةً ثُمَّ عَلَقَةً ثُمَّ مُضْغَةً إِلَى تَمَامِ الْخَلْقِ. ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللهُ سَبْعَ سَمَوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَعْنِي فِي السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا يُقَالُ: أَتَيْتُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَتَى بَعْضَهُمْ، وَفُلَانٌ مُتَوَارٍ فِي دُورِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي دَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وُجُوهُهُمَا إِلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَضَوْءُ الشَّمْسِ وَنُورُ الْقَمَرِ فِيهِنَّ وَأَقْفِيَتُهُمَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ (١) . وَيُرْوَى هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (٢) . ﴿وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا﴾ مِصْبَاحًا مُضِيئًا. ﴿وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا﴾ أَرَادَ مَبْدَأَ خَلْقِ آدَمَ خَلَقَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَالنَّاسُ وَلَدُهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: "نَبَاتًا" اسْمٌ جُعِلَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْمَصْدَرِ أَيْ إِنْبَاتًا قَالَ الْخَلِيلُ: مَجَازُهُ: أَنْبَتَكُمْ فَنَبَتُّمْ نَبَاتًا. ﴿ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا﴾ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ ﴿وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ﴾ مِنْهَا يَوْمَ الْبَعْثِ أَحْيَاءً ﴿إِخْرَاجًا﴾ ﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا﴾ فَرَشَهَا وَبَسَطَهَا لَكُمْ.

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في التفسير ٢ / ٣١٩. (٢) ذكره الحافظ في الكافي الشاف ص: (١٧٧) وقال: موقوف.