Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/227)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah Noah

Makkan (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“Indeed, We sent Noah to his people, saying: ‘Warn your people before a painful punishment comes upon them.’ He said, ‘My people, I am indeed a clear warner to you: worship Allah, fear Him, and obey me. He will forgive you your sins and grant you respite until an appointed term. Indeed, when Allah’s appointed term comes, it cannot be delayed, if only you knew.’ He said, ‘My Lord, I have called my people night and day, but my calling has only made them flee all the more.’”

“Indeed, We sent Noah to his people, saying: ‘Warn your people’”: that is, with the command, “Warn your people,” “before a painful punishment comes upon them.” The meaning is: We sent him to warn them of punishment if they did not believe.

“He said, ‘My people, I am indeed a clear warner to you’”: I warn you and make clear to you [the message of Allah in a language you understand] (2).

“Worship Allah, fear Him, and obey me. He will forgive you your sins”: the particle “from” is supplementary; that is, He will forgive you your sins. It was also said that this refers to the sins that preceded your faith; thus, it refers to only some of their sins.

“And grant you respite until an appointed term”: that is, He will preserve you in well-being until the end of your lifespans and will not punish you.

“Indeed, when Allah’s appointed term comes, it cannot be delayed, if only you knew”: He is saying: Believe before death, and you will be safe [from the punishment] (3), for when the appointed time of death comes, it cannot be delayed, and you will no longer be able to believe.

“He said, ‘My Lord, I have called my people night and day, but my calling has only made them flee all the more’”: turning away and retreating from faith [and the truth] (4).

(1) Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: Surah Nuh was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:288. (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (4) Added from manuscript B.

سُورَةُ نُوحٍ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (١) قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ (٢) أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ (٣) يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (٤) قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا (٥) فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا (٦) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ﴾ أَيْ: بِأَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ الْمَعْنَى: إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاهُ لِيُنْذِرَهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا. ﴿قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ﴾ أُنْذِرُكُمْ وَأُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ [رِسَالَةَ اللَّهِ بِلُغَةٍ تَعْرِفُونَهَا] (٢) . ﴿أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ﴾ "مِنْ" صِلَةٌ، أَيْ: يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ. وَقِيلَ: يَعْنِي مَا سَلَفَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ إِلَى وَقْتِ الْإِيمَانِ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْضُ ذُنُوبِهِمْ ﴿وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ أَيْ: يُعَافِيكُمْ إِلَى مُنْتَهَى آجَالِكُمْ فَلَا يُعَاقِبْكُمْ ﴿إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ يَقُولُ: آمِنُوا قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ تَسْلَمُوا [مِنَ الْعَذَابِ] (٣) فَإِنَّ أَجْلَ الْمَوْتِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ وَلَا يُمْكِنُكُمُ الْإِيمَانُ. ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا﴾ نِفَارًا وَإِدْبَارًا عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ [وَالْحَقِّ] (٤) .

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس والنحاس وابن مردويه والبيهقي عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت سورة نوح بمكة. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٢٨٨. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٤) زيادة من "ب".