Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/220)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

against himself and asked for the punishment, saying, “O Allah, if this is indeed the truth from You…” (al-Anfal, 32). Thus, what he had asked for befell him on the Day of Badr, and he was executed after capture. This was the view of Ibn ‘Abbas and Mujahid. “Which none can repel”—that is, none can prevent the punishment.

“From Allah, Lord of the ways of ascent. The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a Day whose measure is fifty thousand years.”

“From Allah, Lord of the ways of ascent”: Ibn ‘Abbas said: that is, the Lord of the heavens. He called them ways of ascent because the angels ascend through them. Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: the Lord of ranks. Qatadah said: the Lord of bounties and blessings. [And the ways of ascent are the angels.] (1)

“The angels ascend”: al-Kisa’i recited it as “The angel ascends,” with the masculine singular form; this was also the recitation of Ibn Mas‘ud. The others recited, “The angels ascend,” with the feminine form. “And the Spirit” means Gabriel. “To Him”—that is, to Allah—“in a Day whose measure is fifty thousand years,” reckoned by the years of this world, if someone other than an angel were to ascend. This is because they ascend from the lowest point of the seventh earth to the furthest limit of Allah’s command above the seventh heaven.

Layth narrated from Mujahid that the measure of this is fifty thousand years. (2)

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: If the children of Adam were to travel from this world to the place of the Throne, they would travel for fifty thousand years according to the years of this world.

‘Ikrimah and Qatadah said: It is the Day of Resurrection. Al-Hasan likewise said: It is the Day of Resurrection. What is meant is that their standing for judgment, until judgment is passed between the people, will last fifty thousand years according to the years of this world. This does not mean that its duration is limited to this measure rather than any other, for the Day of Resurrection has a beginning but no end, since it is an extended Day; and if it had an end, it would come to an end.

Ibn Abi Talhah narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that he said: It is the Day of Resurrection, and for the disbelievers it will be as long as fifty thousand years. (3)

(1) The text within the parentheses is an addition from manuscript B. (2) Narrated by al-Tabari, 29:71. (3) Narrated by al-Tabari, 29:71. Ibn Kathir, in al-Tafsir, 4:420, attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim. He cited four views concerning the meaning of “on a day whose measure is fifty thousand years”; see there. The author of al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:279, attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba'th wa al-Nushur.

عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَسَأَلَ الْعَذَابَ، فَقَالَ: "اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ" الْآيَةَ (الْأَنْفَالِ-٣٢) فَنَزَلَ بِهِ مَا سَأَلَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقُتِلَ صَبْرًا، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَهُ﴾ أَيْ لِلْعَذَابِ ﴿دَافِعٌ﴾ مَانِعٌ. ﴿مِنَ اللَّهِ ذِي الْمَعَارِجِ (٣) تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ (٤) ﴾ ﴿مِنَ اللَّهِ ذِي الْمَعَارِجِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَيْ ذِي السَّمَاوَاتِ، سَمَّاهَا مَعَارِجَ لِأَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَعْرُجُ فِيهَا. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: ذِي الدَّرَجَاتِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ذِي الْفَوَاضِلِ وَالنِّعَمِ [وَمَعَارِجُ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ] (١) . ﴿تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ﴾ قَرَأَ الْكِسَائِيُّ "يَعْرُجُ" بِالْيَاءِ، وَهِيَ قِرَاءَةُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ "تَعْرُجُ" بِالتَّاءِ ﴿وَالرُّوحُ﴾ يَعْنِي جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ ﴿إِلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ﴾ مِنْ سِنِي الدُّنْيَا لَوْ صَعِدَ غَيْرُ الْمَلَكِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا تَصْعَدُ مُنْتَهَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ إِلَى مُنْتَهَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ فَوْقِ السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ. رَوَى لَيْثٌ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّ مِقْدَارَ هَذَا خَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ (٢) . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: لَوْ سَارَ بَنُو آدَمَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الْعَرْشِ لَسَارُوا خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِنْ سِنِي الدُّنْيَا. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ: هُوَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ أَيْضًا: هُوَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَأَرَادَ أَنَّ مَوْقِفَهُمْ لِلْحِسَابِ حَتَّى يُفْصَلُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ خَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِنْ سِنِي الدُّنْيَا، لَيْسَ يَعْنِي بِهِ مِقْدَارَ طُولِهِ هَذَا دُونَ غَيْرِهِ لِأَنَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَهُ أَوَّلٌ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ آخِرٌ لِأَنَّهُ يَوْمٌ مَمْدُودٌ، وَلَوْ كَانَ لَهُ آخِرٌ لَكَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: هُوَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ مِقْدَارَ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ (٣) .

(١) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٩ / ٧١. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٩ / ٧١. وعزاه ابن كثير في التفسير: ٤ / ٤٢٠ لابن أبي حاتم. وساق أربعة أقوال في معنى (في يوم كان مقداره خمسين ألف سنة) فلتنظر. وعزاه صاحب الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٢٧٩ لابن المنذر والبيهقي في البعث والنشور.