Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/197)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“They said, ‘Glory be to our Lord! We have indeed been wrongdoers.’ (29) Then they turned to one another, reproaching each other. (30) They said, ‘Woe to us! We had indeed transgressed.’ (31) Perhaps our Lord will give us in exchange something better than it. Indeed, we turn to our Lord in hope.’ (32) Such is the punishment; but the punishment of the Hereafter is greater, if only they knew. (33) Surely the righteous will have gardens of bliss with their Lord. (34) Shall We then treat those who submit as We treat the criminals? (35) What is the matter with you? How do you judge? (36) Or do you have a book in which you study, (37) stipulating that you shall have whatever you choose? (38)”

“They said, ‘Glory be to our Lord!’”: they declared Him free of being unjust in what He had done, and they acknowledged their own wrongdoing, saying, “We have indeed been wrongdoers,” by withholding from the needy.

“Then they turned to one another, reproaching each other”: they blamed one another for withholding the rights of the needy, and they cried woe upon themselves: “They said, ‘Woe to us! We had indeed transgressed,’” by withholding the right of the poor. Ibn Kaysan said: “We transgressed against Allah’s blessings: we did not give thanks for them, nor did we do what our forefathers had done before us.”

Then they came to their senses and said, “Perhaps our Lord will give us in exchange something better than it. Indeed, we turn to our Lord in hope.” Abdullah ibn Masud said: “It has reached me that the people were sincere, and Allah knew their truthfulness; so He gave them in exchange a garden called al-Hayawan, in which there were grapes, a single cluster of which a mule could carry.” (1)

Allah Most High said: “Such is the punishment”—that is, just as We dealt with them, We deal with those who transgress Our limits and disobey Our command—“but the punishment of the Hereafter is greater, if only they knew.” Then He informed of what He has prepared for the righteous, saying: “Surely the righteous will have gardens of bliss with their Lord.”

The polytheists said, “In the Hereafter, we shall be given better than what you are given.” So Allah refuted them: “Shall We then treat those who submit as We treat the criminals? What is the matter with you? How do you judge? Or do you have a book,” sent down from Allah, “in which you study”—that is, read?

“Stipulating that you shall have whatever you choose”: that is, whatever you select and desire.

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:313.

﴿قَالُوا سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (٢٩) فَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَلاوَمُونَ (٣٠) قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ (٣١) عَسَى رَبُّنَا أَنْ يُبْدِلَنَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا رَاغِبُونَ (٣٢) كَذَلِكَ الْعَذَابُ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (٣٣) إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ (٣٤) أَفَنَجْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَالْمُجْرِمِينَ (٣٥) مَا لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ (٣٦) أَمْ لَكُمْ كِتَابٌ فِيهِ تَدْرُسُونَ (٣٧) إِنَّ لَكُمْ فِيهِ لَمَا تَخَيَّرُونَ (٣٨) ﴾ ﴿قَالُوا سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا﴾ نَزَّهُوهُ عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ ظَالِمًا فِيمَا فَعَلَ وَأَقَرُّوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالظُّلْمِ فَقَالُوا: ﴿إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ﴾ بِمَنْعِنَا الْمَسَاكِينَ. ﴿فَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَلَاوَمُونَ﴾ يَلُومُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِي مَنْعِ الْمَسَاكِينِ حُقُوقَهُمْ، وَنَادَوْا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ بالويل: ﴿قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا طَاغِينَ﴾ فِي مَنْعِنَا حَقَّ الْفُقَرَاءِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: طَغَيْنَا نِعَمَ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ نَشْكُرْهَا وَلَمْ نَصْنَعْ مَا صَنَعَ آبَاؤُنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ. ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَقَالُوا: ﴿عَسَى رَبُّنَا أَنْ يُبْدِلَنَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا رَاغِبُونَ﴾ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ أَخْلَصُوا وَعَرَفَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمُ الصِّدْقَ فَأَبْدَلَهُمْ بِهَا جَنَّةً يُقَالُ لَهَا الْحَيَوَانُ فِيهَا عِنَبٌ يَحْمِلُ الْبَغْلُ مِنْهُ عُنْقُودًا وَاحِدًا (١) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿كَذَلِكَ الْعَذَابُ﴾ أَيْ: كَفِعْلِنَا بِهِمْ نَفْعَلُ بِمَنْ تَعَدَّى حُدُودَنَا وَخَالَفَ أَمْرَنَا ﴿وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ بِمَا عِنْدَهُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ﴾ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: إِنَّا نُعْطَى فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا تُعْطَوْنَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَكْذِيبًا لَهُمْ: ﴿أَفَنَجْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَالْمُجْرِمِينَ مَا لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ أَمْ لَكُمْ كِتَابٌ﴾ نَزَلَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ﴿فِيهِ﴾ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ﴿تَدْرُسُونَ﴾ تَقْرَءُونَ. ﴿إِنَّ لَكُمْ فِيهِ﴾ فِي ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابِ ﴿لَمَا تَخَيَّرُونَ﴾ تَخْتَارُونَ وَتَشْتَهُونَ.

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٣١٣.