Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/188)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Qatada said: It was the commands of Allah which he obeyed and the prohibitions of Allah from which he refrained. That is, you adhere to the character which Allah commanded you to embody in the Quran.

It was also said: Allah called his character sublime because he acted in accordance with Allah’s instruction to him in His words: “Hold to forgiveness” (al-A‘raf 7:199), and the rest of the verse.

It has been related to us from Jabir that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah sent me to bring noble character to perfection and to perfect virtuous deeds” (1).

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us [Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us] (2): Ahmad ibn Sa‘id, Abu Abd Allah, related to us; Ishaq ibn Mansur related to us; Ibrahim ibn Yusuf related to us from his father, from Abu Ishaq, who said: I heard al-Bara’ say: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had the most handsome face and the finest character of all people. He was neither exceptionally tall nor short” (3).

Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Samad al-Jawzajani informed us; Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn Ahmad al-Khuza‘i informed us; Abu Sa‘id al-Haytham ibn Kulayb al-Shashi informed us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi related to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id related to us; Ja‘far ibn Sulayman al-Duba‘i related to us from Thabit, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: “I served the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, for ten years, and he never once said ‘Ugh’ to me; [nor] (4) did he ever say of something I had done, ‘Why did you do it?’ nor of something I had left undone, ‘Why did you leave it undone?’ The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had the finest character of all people. I never touched silk brocade [ever] (5), silk, or anything [that was] (6) softer than the palm of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him; nor did I smell musk or any perfume more fragrant than the sweat of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him” (7).

(1) The author recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:202, on the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him. Its chain includes Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, who is weak. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 8:188: “Al-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat, and its chain includes Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Qurashi, who is weak.” The hadith has supporting reports with various wordings in Ahmad, 2:381; Malik’s al-Muwatta, 2:904; al-Bukhari’s al-Adab al-Mufrad, p. 84; Ibn Sad’s al-Tabaqat, 1:192-193; and al-Hakim’s al-Mustadrak, 2:613. See also: Sharh al-Sunnah, with al-Arnaut’s annotations, 13:202; al-Silsilah al-Sahihah, no. 45, 1:75; Mishkat al-Masabih, no. 5770; al-Ajluni’s Kashf al-Khafa, 1:244-245; Takhrij Ahadith al-Ihya by al-Iraqi, Ibn al-Subki, and al-Zabidi, no. 1595; and Majma al-Zawaid, 8:188. (2) The text within the brackets is omitted from manuscript A. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Virtues, chapter “The Description of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,” 6:564; and by Muslim in the Book of Virtues, chapter “On the Description, Mission, and Age of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,” no. 2447, 4:1824-1825. (4) Omitted from manuscript A. (5) Omitted from manuscript A. (6) Omitted from manuscript A. (7) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Relations, chapter “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Character of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,” 6:156-157. He said: “This is a sound, authentic hadith.” It was also recorded by Muslim in the Book of Virtues, chapter “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Had the Best Character of All People,” no. 2309, 4:1804.

وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هُوَ مَا كَانَ يَأْتَمِرُ بِهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَيَنْتَهِي عَنْهُ مِنْ نَهْيِ اللَّهِ، وَالْمَعْنَى إِنَّكَ عَلَى الْخُلُقِ الَّذِي أَمَرَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ. وَقِيلَ: سَمَّى اللَّهُ خُلُقَهُ عَظِيمًا لِأَنَّهُ امْتَثَلَ تَأْدِيبَ اللَّهِ إِيَّاهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: "خُذِ العفو" (الأعراف-١٩٨) الْآيَةَ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي لِتَمَامِ مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ، وَتَمَامِ مَحَاسِنِ الْأَفْعَالِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ [حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ] (٢) حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحْسَنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا وَأَحْسَنَهُمْ خُلُقًا لَيْسَ بِالطَّوِيلِ الْبَائِنِ وَلَا بِالْقَصِيرِ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْجَوْزَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ الشَّاشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الضُّبَعِيُّ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: خَدَمْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ فَمَا قَالَ لِي أُفٍّ قَطُّ [وَمَا] (٤) قَالَ لِشَيْءٍ صَنَعْتُهُ: لِمَ صَنَعْتَهُ؟ وَلَا لِشَيْءٍ تَرَكْتُهُ: لِمَ تَرَكْتَهُ؟ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ خُلُقًا وَلَا مَسَسْتُ خَزًّا [قَطُّ] (٥) وَلَا حَرِيرًا وَلَا شَيْئًا [كَانَ] (٦) أَلْيَنَ مِنْ كَفِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا شَمَمْتُ مِسْكًا وَلَا عِطْرًا كَانَ أَطْيَبَ مِنْ عَرَقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٧) .

(١) أخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٠٢ عن جابر ﵁ وفيه يوسف بن محمد بن المنكدر، وهو ضعيف. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٨ / ١٨٨: "رواه الطبراني في الأوسط، وفيه عمر بن إبراهيم القرشي، وهو ضعيف" وللحديث شواهد بألفاظ متعددة عند الإمام أحمد: ٢ / ٣٨١، والإمام مالك في الموطأ: ٢ / ٩٠٤، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد ص: (٨٤) ، وابن سعد في الطبقات: ١ / ١٩٢-١٩٣، والحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٦١٣. وانظر: شرح السنة مع تعليق الأرناؤوط: ١٣ / ٢٠٢، سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة برقم: (٤٥) ١ / ٧٥، مشكاة المصابيح برقم: (٥٧٧٠) كشف الخفاء للعجلوني: ١ / ٢٤٤-٢٤٥، تخريج أحاديث الإحياء للعراقي وابن السبكي والزبيدي برقم: (١٥٩٥) مجمع الزوائد: ٨ / ١٨٨. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المناقب، باب صفة النبي ﷺ: ٦ / ٥٦٤، ومسلم في الفضائل، باب في صفة النبي ﷺ ومبعثه وسنه برقم: (٢٤٤٧) ٤ / ١٨٢٤-١٨٢٥. (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) ساقط من "أ". (٦) ساقط من "أ". (٧) أخرجه الترمذي في البر، باب ما جاء في خلق النبي ﷺ: ٦ / ١٥٦-١٥٧ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح، ومسلم في الفضائل، باب كان رسول الله ﷺ أحسن الناس خلقا برقم: (٢٣٠٩) ٤ / ١٨٠٤.