Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/170)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in the heart, and avoiding evil companions.

“Perhaps your Lord will absolve you of your evil deeds and admit you into gardens beneath which rivers flow, on the Day when Allah will not disgrace the Prophet and those who believe with him”—that is, Allah will not punish them by causing them to enter the Fire. “Their light will shine before them and to their right,” upon the Sirat. “They will say,” when the light of the hypocrites is extinguished, “Our Lord, perfect our light for us and forgive us. Indeed, You are Most Capable of all things.”

“O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Their abode is Hell—what an evil destination! (9) Allah sets forth an example for those who disbelieve: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. They were married to two righteous servants from among Our servants, but they betrayed them; yet their husbands could not avail them anything against Allah. And it will be said, ‘Enter the Fire with those who enter.’ (10)”

Then Allah, exalted be His mention, set forth, by means of women, an example for the righteous and the wicked: “Allah sets forth an example for those who disbelieve: the wife of Noah,” whose name was Wa'ilah, “and the wife of Lot,” whose name was Wahilah. Muqatil said: Wali'ah and Walihah.

“They were married to two righteous servants from among Our servants”—namely, Noah and Lot, peace be upon them—“but they betrayed them.” Ibn 'Abbas said: “No prophet’s wife ever committed adultery. Rather, their betrayal consisted in their following a religion other than that of their husbands. Noah’s wife would say to the people, ‘He is mad.’ Whenever anyone believed in him, she would inform the tyrants about him. As for Lot’s wife, (1) she would direct her people to his guests: whenever a guest came to him at night, she would kindle a fire; and whenever one came by day, she would produce smoke, so that her people would know that a guest had come to him.”

Al-Kalbi said: “They concealed hypocrisy and outwardly professed faith.”

“They could not avail them anything against Allah”: despite their prophethood, they could not ward off Allah’s punishment from them. “And it will be said, ‘Enter the Fire with those who enter.’”

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “A.”

بِالْجَنَانِ وَمُهَاجَرَةُ سَيِّئِ الْإِخْوَانِ. ﴿عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيُدْخِلَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ يَوْمَ لَا يُخْزِي اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ﴾ أَيْ لَا يُعَذِّبُهُمُ اللَّهُ بِدُخُولِ النَّارِ ﴿نُورُهُمْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ﴾ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ ﴿يَقُولُونَ﴾ إِذْ طَفِئَ نُورُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ﴿رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ . ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (٩) ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اِمْرَأَةَ نُوحٍ وَامْرَأَةَ لُوطٍ كَانَتَا تَحْتَ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا صَالِحَيْنِ فَخَانَتَاهُمَا فَلَمْ يُغْنِيَا عَنْهُمَا مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَقِيلَ ادْخُلَا النَّارَ مَعَ الدَّاخِلِينَ (١٠) ﴾ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلصَّالِحِينَ وَالصَّالِحَاتِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اِمْرَأَةَ نُوحٍ﴾ وَاسْمُهَا وَاعِلَةُ ﴿وَامْرَأَةَ لُوطٍ﴾ وَاسْمُهَا وَاهِلَةُ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: وَالِعَةُ وَوَالِهَةُ. ﴿كَانَتَا تَحْتَ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا صَالِحَيْنِ﴾ وَهُمْا نُوحٌ وَلُوطٌ ﵉ ﴿فَخَانَتَاهُمَا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا بَغَتِ امْرَأَةُ نَبِيٍّ قَطُّ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ خِيَانَتُهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِهِمَا فَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةُ نُوحٍ تَقُولُ لِلنَّاسِ: إِنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ، وَإِذَا آمَنَ بِهِ أَحَدٌ أَخْبَرَتْ بِهِ الْجَبَابِرَةَ وَأَمَّا امْرَأَةُ لُوطٍ [فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ] (١) تَدُلُّ قَوْمَهُ عَلَى أَضْيَافِهِ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِهِ ضَيْفٌ بِاللَّيْلِ أَوْقَدَتِ النَّارَ، وَإِذَا نَزَلَ بِالنَّهَارِ دَخَّنَتْ لِيَعْلَمَ قَوْمُهُ أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ بِهِ ضَيْفٌ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: أَسَرَّتَا النِّفَاقَ وَأَظْهَرَتَا الْإِيمَانَ. ﴿فَلَمْ يُغْنِيَا عَنْهُمَا مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ لَمْ يَدْفَعَا عَنْهُمَا مَعَ نُبُوَّتِهِمَا عَذَابَ اللَّهِ ﴿وَقِيلَ ادْخُلَا النَّارَ مَعَ الدَّاخِلِينَ﴾

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".