Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/156)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us from Malik, from Sa'id ibn Ishaq ibn Ka'b ibn Ujrah, from his paternal aunt Zaynab bint Ka'b, that al-Furay'ah bint Malik ibn Sinan—the sister of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri—told her:

She came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask whether she could return to her family among Banu Khudrah. Her husband had gone out in pursuit of some of his slaves who had run away, and when he reached the outskirts of al-Qadum, they caught up with him and killed him. So I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) whether I could return to my family, since my husband had not left me a dwelling that he owned, nor any maintenance. She said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, “Yes.”

I then departed, but when I was in the chamber—or in the mosque—the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned me, or ordered that I be summoned. When I came to him, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “What was it that you said?” She said: So I repeated to him the account I had mentioned concerning my husband. He said, “Remain [in your house] (1) until the prescribed term reaches its end.”

She said: Thus, I observed my waiting period there for four months and ten days. She said: When Uthman became caliph, he sent for me and asked me about this matter. I informed him, and he followed it and ruled accordingly (2).

Those who hold this view say: The Prophet’s initial permission for al-Furay'ah to return to her family was abrogated by his final statement (3): “Remain in your house until the prescribed term reaches its end.”

Those who do not regard housing as obligatory say: His final instruction that she remain in her house was a recommendation, not an obligation.

Allah, the Exalted, says: “If they nurse your children for you, then pay them their due compensation.” That is, if they nurse your children, then pay them for nursing them. “And consult together in a fitting manner”—that each of you should accept from the other when instructed to do what is right (4). Al-Kisa'i said: “Consult one another.” Muqatil said: This means that the father and mother should mutually agree upon a specified wage.

The address is directed to both spouses, commanding them to act rightly and in the best manner, and not to seek to cause harm. “But if you find difficulty with one another” concerning nursing and compensation—such that the husband refuses to give the woman what would satisfy her, and the mother refuses to nurse the child—then he has no right to compel her to nurse him. Rather, he should hire another woman besides his mother to nurse the child. This is the meaning of His saying: “Then another woman will nurse him.”

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (2) Recorded by Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of Divorce, chapter “The deceased husband's widow remaining in her home until her waiting period ends,” 2:591; by Abu Dawud in the Book of Divorce, chapter “Regarding a widow who moves,” 3:198-199; by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Divorce, chapter “What has been related concerning where a widow observes her waiting period,” 4:390-391; by al-Nasai in the Book of Divorce, chapter “The deceased husband's widow remaining in her home until her waiting period ends,” 6:199; by Ibn Majah, no. 2031, 1:654-655; by al-Darimi, 2:168, edited by Abdullah Hashim al-Yamani; and by Imam Ahmad, 6:370. It was authenticated by Ibn Hibban, no. 1332, pp. 323-324, and likewise by al-Hakim, 2:208, with al-Dhahabi concurring. It was also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:300-301. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (4) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ كَعْبٍ: أَنَّ الْفُرَيْعَةَ بِنْتَ مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ وَهِيَ أُخْتُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَتْهَا: أَنَّهَا جَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ، فَإِنَّ زَوْجَهَا خَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ أَبَقُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِطَرَفِ الْقَدُومِ لِحِقَهُمْ، فَقَتَلُوهُ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَإِنَّ زَوْجِي لَمْ يَتْرُكْنِي فِي مَنْزِلٍ يَمْلِكُهُ وَلَا نَفَقَةٍ؟ فَقَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَعَمْ، فَانْصَرَفْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ أَوْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ دَعَانِي أَوْ أَمَرَ بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدُعِيتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَيْفَ قُلْتِ؟ قَالَتْ: فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ شَأْنِ زَوْجِي، فَقَالَ: امْكُثِي [فِي بَيْتِكِ] (١) حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجْلَهُ. قَالَتْ: فَاعْتَدَدْتُ فِيهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا. قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُثْمَانُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَقَضَى بِهِ (٢) . فَمِنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ قَالَ: إِذْنُهُ لِفُرَيْعَةَ أَوَّلًا بِالرُّجُوعِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا بِقَوْلِهِ [آخِرًا] (٣) "امْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِكِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجْلَهُ". وَمَنْ لَمْ يُوجِبِ السُّكْنَى قَالَ: أَمَرَهَا بِالْمُكْثِ فِي بَيْتِهَا آخِرًا اسْتِحْبَابًا لَا وُجُوبًا. قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ أَرْضَعْنَ أَوْلَادَكُمْ ﴿فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ عَلَى إِرْضَاعِهِنَّ ﴿وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [لِيَقْبَلَ بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ إِذَا أَمَرَهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ] (٤) قَالَ الْكِسَائِيُّ: شَاوِرُوا قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: بِتَرَاضِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ عَلَى أَجْرٍ مُسَمَّى. وَالْخِطَابُ لِلزَّوْجَيْنِ جَمِيعًا يَأْمُرُهُمْ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَبِمَا هُوَ الْأَحْسَنُ، وَلَا يَقْصِدُوا الضِّرَارَ. ﴿وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ﴾ فِي الرَّضَاعِ وَالْأُجْرَةِ فَأَبَى الزَّوْجُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الْمَرْأَةَ رِضَاهَا وَأَبَتِ الْأُمُّ أَنْ تُرْضِعَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِكْرَاهُهَا عَلَى إِرْضَاعِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَسْتَأْجِرُ لِلصَّبِيِّ مُرْضِعًا غَيْرَ أُمِّهِ وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى﴾

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) أخرجه مالك في الموطأ في الطلاق، باب مقام المتوفى عنها زوجها في بيتها حتى تحل: ٢ / ٥٩١، وأبو داود في الطلاق، باب في المتوفى عنها تنتقل: ٣ / ١٩٨-١٩٩، والترمذي في الطلاق، باب ما جاء أين تعتد المتوفى عنها زوجها: ٤ / ٣٩٠-٣٩١، والنسائي في الطلاق، باب مقام المتوفى عنها زوجها في بيتها حتى تحل: ٦ / ١٩٩، وابن ماجه برقم (٢٠٣١) ١ / ٦٥٤-٦٥٥، والدارمي: ٢ / ١٦٨ (بتحقيق عبد الله هاشم اليماني) والإمام أحمد: ٦ / ٣٧٠، وصححه ابن حبان برقم: (١٣٣٢) ص (٣٢٣-٣٢٤) . وكذلك الحاكم: ٢ / ٢٠٨ ووافقه الذهبي، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٣٠٠-٣٠١. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".