Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/151)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ikrimah, al-Shabi, and al-Dahhak said: Whoever fears Allah and divorces in the Sunnah-prescribed manner, He will grant him a way to take her back. (1)

Most exegetes said: It was revealed concerning Awf ibn Malik al-Ashjai, whose son, named Malik, was captured by the polytheists. He came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, the enemy has captured my son.” He also complained to him of poverty. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “Fear Allah, be patient, and frequently say: ‘There is no power and no strength except through Allah.’” The man did so. (2) Then, while he was at home, his son suddenly came to him after the enemy had become inattentive to him. He had acquired some camels and brought them to his father. (3)

Al-Kalbi narrated from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas, that he said: The enemy became inattentive to him, so he drove off their sheep and brought them to his father; they numbered four thousand sheep. Then the verse was revealed concerning his son: “Whoever fears Allah, He will make for him a way out.” (4)

“And He will provide for him from where he does not expect. Whoever places his trust in Allah, He is sufficient for him. Indeed, Allah will accomplish His purpose. Allah has set a measure for all things. (3)”

“And He will provide for him from where he does not expect”: this refers to the sheep that he had driven off.

Muqatil said: He acquired sheep and goods, then returned to his father. His father went to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, informed him of what had happened, and asked him, “Is it lawful for him to consume what his son has brought?” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, replied, “Yes.” Then Allah revealed this verse.

Ibn Masud said: “Whoever fears Allah, He will make for him a way out” means that he knows it is from Allah, and that Allah is his Provider.

Al-Rabi ibn Khaytham said: “He will make for him a way out”—from every matter that has become constricting for people. (5)

Abu al-Aliyah said: “A way out”—from every hardship.

Al-Hasan said: “A way out”—from that which He has forbidden him. “Whoever places his trust in Allah, He is sufficient for him”: whoever fears Allah concerning what befalls him, Allah will suffice him in what troubles him.

It has been narrated to us that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If you were to place your trust in Allah as He deserves, He would provide for you just as He provides for the birds

(1) See al-Tabari, 28:138. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) See al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 502-503; Ibn Kathir, 4:381. (4) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:197, to Ibn Mardawayh. See also al-Tabari, 28:138; Ibn Kathir, 4:381. (5) Recorded by al-Tabari, 28:139. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:198, to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abd ibn Humayd, and Ibn al-Mundhir.

عِكْرِمَةُ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: وَمَنْ يَتُقِ اللَّهَ فَيُطَلِّقْ لِلسَّنَةِ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا إِلَى الرَّجْعَةِ (١) . وَأَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ قَالُوا: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، أَسَرَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ ابْنًا لَهُ يُسَمَّى مَالِكًا فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَسْرَ الْعَدُوُّ ابْنِي، وَشَكَا أَيْضًا إِلَيْهِ الْفَاقَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَاصْبِرْ وَأَكْثِرْ مِنْ قَوْلِ: لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، فَفَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ [ذَلِكَ] (٢) فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ ابْنُهُ وَقَدْ غَفَلَ عَنْهُ الْعَدُوُّ، فَأَصَابَ إِبِلًا وَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ (٣) . وَرَوَى الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: فَتَغَفَّلَ عَنْهُ الْعَدُوُّ، فَاسْتَاقَ غَنَمَهَمْ، فَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَهِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ شَاةٍ. فَنَزَلَتْ: "وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا" (٤) فِي ابْنِهِ. ﴿وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَالِغُ أَمْرِهِ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرًا (٣) ﴾ ﴿وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ﴾ مَا سَاقَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَصَابَ غَنَمًا وَمَتَاعًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُوهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، وَسَأَلَهُ: أَيُحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَا أَتَى بِهِ ابْنُهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: نَعَمْ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٌ: "وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا" هُوَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهُ رَازِقُهُ. وَقَالَ الربيع بن خيثم: "يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا" مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ ضَاقَ عَلَى النَّاسِ (٥) . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: "مَخْرَجًا" مِنْ كُلِّ شِدَّةٍ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: "مَخْرَجًا" عَمَّا نَهَاهُ عَنْهُ. ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ﴾ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِيمَا نَابَهُ كَفَاهُ مَا أَهَمَّهُ. وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَوْ أَنَّكُمْ تَتَوَكَّلُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ حَقَّ تَوَكُّلِهِ لَرَزَقَكُمْ كَمَا يَرْزُقُ الطَّيْرَ

(١) انظر: الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٨. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) انظر: الواحدي في أسباب النزول صفحة: (٥٠٢-٥٠٣) ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٨١. (٤) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٩٧ لابن مردويه. وانظر الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٨، ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٨١. (٥) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٩. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٩٨ أيضا لابن أبي شيبة وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر.