Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/150)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

her husband’s household, in which case it is permissible to turn her out. (1)

A group of scholars said that the indecency meant is that she commits fornication, in which case she is taken out for the prescribed punishment to be carried out upon her, then returned to her home. This was narrated from Ibn Masud. (2)

Qatada said: Its meaning is: unless he divorces her because of her defiant disobedience, in which case she may move from her husband’s house. (3) The indecency is defiant disobedience.

Ibn Umar and al-Suddi said: Her leaving before the end of her waiting period is an indecency. (4)

“These are the limits set by Allah”—that is, what has been mentioned regarding the Sunnah manner of divorce and what follows it. “Whoever transgresses the limits set by Allah has wronged himself. You do not know; perhaps Allah will bring about, after that, a new situation.” 167/ That is, He may place in the husband’s heart the desire to take her back after the first or second pronouncement of divorce. This indicates that it is recommended to space out the pronouncements of divorce and not issue all three at once, so that, if he regrets it, he may still take her back.

“When they have nearly reached the end of their waiting period, then either retain them honorably or part with them honorably. And call to witness two upright men from among you, and establish the testimony for Allah. That is what those who believe in Allah and the Last Day are exhorted to do. Whoever fears Allah, He will make for him a way out.” (2)

“When they have nearly reached the end of their waiting period”: that is, when they have drawn close to the end of their waiting period. “Then either retain them”: that is, take them back. “Honorably or part with them honorably”: that is, leave them until their waiting period expires and they become irrevocably separated from you. “And call to witness two upright men from among you”: concerning both taking them back and divorce. He commanded that witnesses be called for both taking a wife back and divorce. “And establish the testimony,” O witnesses, “for Allah.”

“That is what those who believe in Allah and the Last Day are exhorted to do. Whoever fears Allah, He will make for him a way out.” It was said:

(1) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 6:323, and by al-Tabari, 28:133-134. Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:193, to سعيد ibn Mansur, Ibn Rahawayh, Abd ibn Humayd, and Ibn Mardawayh. It was also narrated by al-Shafi'i and al-Bayhaqi; see Talkhis al-Habir, 3:241. (2) See al-Tabari, 28:134; Ibn Kathir, 4:379. (3) See Abd al-Razzaq, al-Musannaf, 6:323; and al-Tabari, 28:134. (4) Recorded by al-Tabari, 28:134. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:282.

زَوْجِهَا فَيَحِلُّ إِخْرَاجُهَا (١) . وَقَالَ جَمَاعَةٌ: أَرَادَ بِالْفَاحِشَةِ: أَنْ تَزْنِيَ فَتُخْرَجُ لِإِقَامَةِ الْحَدِّ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ تُرَدُّ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهَا يُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (٢) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا عَلَى نُشُوزِهَا فَلَهَا أَنْ تَتَحَوَّلَ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا (٣) وَالْفَاحِشَةُ: النُّشُوزُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: خُرُوجُهَا قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ فَاحِشَةٌ (٤) . ﴿وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ سَنَةَ الطَّلَاقِ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا﴾ ١٦٧/أيُوقِعُ فِي قَلْبِ الزَّوْجِ مُرَاجَعَتَهَا بَعْدَ الطَّلْقَةِ وَالطَّلْقَتَيْنِ. وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُسْتَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ الطَّلَقَاتِ، وَلَا يُوقِعَ الثَّلَاثَ دُفْعَةً وَاحِدَةً، حَتَّى إِذَا نَدِمَ أَمْكَنَهُ الْمُرَاجَعَةَ. ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا (٢) ﴾ ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ﴾ أَيْ قَرُبْنَ مِنَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ ﴿فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ﴾ أَيْ رَاجِعُوهُنَّ ﴿بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ أَيِ اتْرُكُوهُنَّ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهُنَّ فَتَبِينَ مِنْكُمْ ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ عَلَى الرَّجْعَةِ وَالْفِرَاقِ. أَمَرَ بِالْإِشْهَادِ عَلَى الرَّجْعَةِ وَعَلَى الطَّلَاقِ. ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ﴾ أَيُّهَا الشُّهُودُ ﴿لِلَّهِ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ قَالَ

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٦ / ٣٢٣، والطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٣-١٣٤. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٩٣ لسعيد بن منصور وابن راهويه وعبد بن حميد وابن مردويه. ورواه الشافعي والبيهقي انظر: تلخيص الحبير: ٣ / ٢٤١. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٤، ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٧٩. (٣) انظر: المصنف لعبد الرزاق: ٦ / ٣٢٣، والطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٤. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٣٤. وانظر البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٨٢.