Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/149)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

because the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded Ibn Umar to take her back. Had the divorce not taken effect, he would not have commanded him to take her back. If he takes her back while she is menstruating, he may divorce her during the period of purity following that menstruation, before having intercourse with her, as Yunus ibn Jubayr and Anas ibn Sirin narrated from Ibn Umar.

As for what Nafi narrated from Ibn Umar—“Then let him keep her until she becomes pure, then menstruates, and then becomes pure”—this indicates recommendation. It is recommended that he delay the divorce until the second period of purity, so that his taking her back is not merely for the purpose of divorcing her, just as it is disliked to enter into marriage merely in order to divorce.

According to some scholars, there is no departure from the Sunnah in combining the three pronouncements of divorce. Thus, if a man divorces his wife three times during a state of purity, he is not considered to have carried out an innovated divorce. This is the view of al-Shafi‘i and Ahmad. Others held that it is an innovated form of divorce; this is the view of Malik and the scholars of legal reasoning.

His saying, exalted is He: “And carefully reckon the waiting period”—that is, preserve the count of her menstrual cycles. It is said that He commanded the waiting period to be counted so that, if he wishes to pronounce three divorces, he may distribute them over the menstrual cycles. It is also said that this is in order to know how much time remains for taking her back and to observe the rulings concerning maintenance and housing.

“And fear Allah, your Lord. Do not turn them out of their homes”: this refers to when the dwelling in which he divorced her belongs to the husband; it is not permissible for him to turn her out of it. “Nor should they leave”: nor is it permissible for her to leave until her waiting period has ended. If she leaves without necessity or a legitimate need, she sins. But if a necessity arises—for example, if she fears that the building will collapse or that it will be flooded—she may move to another residence. Likewise, if she has some need, such as selling yarn or buying cotton, she may go out during the day, but not at night. For some men were martyred at Uhud, and their wives said, “We feel lonely in our homes.” So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, permitted them to converse at one another’s homes; but when it was time to sleep, each woman was to return to her own home. (1) The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also permitted Jabir’s maternal aunt, whose husband had divorced her, to go out to harvest the dates from her palm trees. (2)

If her waiting period becomes due while she is travelling, she observes it while continuing her journey and returning. A Bedouin woman takes up lodging wherever her people take up lodging during her waiting period, (3) because moving about is, in their case, like residence is for one who is settled.

His saying: “Unless they commit a clear indecency”: Ibn Abbas said: “The clear indecency” is for her to behave obscenely toward the members of

(1) Recorded by al-Shafi'i in al-Umm, 5:217; by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 7:436, from Mujahid as a mursal report, with trustworthy transmitters; and by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 7:36. See also Talkhis al-Habir, 3:240. (2) Recorded by Muslim in al-Talaq, chapter: “The permissibility of a woman irrevocably divorced or whose husband has died leaving during the day for her needs,” no. 1483, 3:1121. (3) Manuscript A reads: “tantawi” (she folds herself up).

الطَّلَاقُ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ بِالْمُرَاجَعَةِ فَلَوْلَا وُقُوعُ الطَّلَاقِ لَكَانَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِالْمُرَاجَعَةِ، وَإِذَا رَاجَعَهَا فِي حَالِ الْحَيْضِ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فِي الطُّهْرِ الَّذِي يَعْقِبُ تِلْكَ الْحَيْضَةَ قَبْلَ الْمَسِيسِ كَمَا رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَأَنَسُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ. وَمَا رَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: "ثُمَّ لِيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ" فَاسْتِحْبَابٌ، اسْتَحَبَّ تَأْخِيرَ الطَّلَاقِ إِلَى الطُّهْرِ الثَّانِي حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ مُرَاجَعَتُهُ إِيَّاهَا لِلطَّلَاقِ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ النِّكَاحُ لِلطَّلَاقِ. وَلَا بِدْعَةَ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الطَّلَقَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ، عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ حَتَّى لَوْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي حَالِ الطُّهْرِ ثَلَاثًا لَا يَكُونُ بِدْعِيًا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ. وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ بِدْعَةٌ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَالِكٍ وَأَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ﴾ أَيْ عَدَدَ أَقْرَائِهَا احْفَظُوهَا قِيلَ: أَمَرَ بِإِحْصَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ لِتَفْرِيقِ الطَّلَاقِ عَلَى الْأَقْرَاءِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ ثَلَاثًا. وَقِيلَ: لِلْعِلْمِ بِبَقَاءِ زَمَانِ الرَّجْعَةِ وَمُرَاعَاةِ أَمْرِ النَّفَقَةِ وَالسُّكْنَى. ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ﴾ أَرَادَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَسْكَنُ الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا فِيهِ لِلزَّوْجِ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهَا مِنْهُ ﴿وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ﴾ وَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَا لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهَا فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ لِغَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ أَوْ حَاجَةٍ أَثِمَتْ فَإِنْ وَقَعَتْ ضَرُورَةٌ -وَإِنْ خَافَتْ هَدْمًا أَوْ غَرَقًا -لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ إِلَى مَنْزِلٍ آخَرَ، وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا حَاجَةٌ مِنْ بَيْعِ غَزْلٍ أَوْ شِرَاءِ قُطْنٍ فَيَجُوزُ لَهَا الْخُرُوجُ نَهَارًا وَلَا يَجُوزُ لَيْلًا فَإِنَّ رِجَالًا استُشْهِدوا بِأُحُدٍ فَقَالَتْ نِسَاؤُهُمْ: نَسْتَوْحِشُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا فَأَذِنَ لَهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثْنَ عِنْدَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ، فَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ النَّوْمِ تَأْوِي كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ إِلَى بَيْتِهَا (١) وَأَذِنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِخَالَةِ جَابِرٍ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ لِجِذَاذِ نَخْلِهَا (٢) . وَإِذَا لَزِمَتْهَا الْعِدَّةُ فِي السَّفَرِ تَعْتَدُّ ذَاهِبَةً وَجَائِيَةً وَالْبَدَوِيَّةُ [تَتَبَوَّأُ] (٣) حَيْثُ يَتَبَوَّأُ أَهْلُهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ لِأَنَّ الِانْتِقَالَ فِي حَقِّهِمْ كَالْإِقَامَةِ فِي حَقِّ الْمُقِيمِ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: "الْفَاحِشَةُ الْمُبَيِّنَةُ" أَنْ تَبْذُوَ عَلَى أَهْلِ

(١) أخرجه الشافعي في الأم: ٥ / ٢١٧، والبيهقي في السنن: ٧ / ٤٣٦ عن مجاهد مرسلا ورجال إسناده ثقات، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٧ / ٣٦. وانظر تلخيص الحبير: ٣ / ٢٤٠. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الطلاق، باب جواز خروج المعتدة البائن والمتوفى عنها زوجها في النهار لحاجتها برقم (١٤٨٣) ٣ / ١١٢١. (٣) في "أ" تنثوي.