Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/142)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs will be the inhabitants of the Fire, remaining there forever. What an evil destination! (10) No calamity befalls except by Allah’s permission. Whoever believes in Allah—He will guide his heart. Allah has full knowledge of all things. (11) Obey Allah and obey the Messenger. But if you turn away, then Our Messenger’s duty is only to deliver the message clearly. (12) Allah: there is no deity except Him. So let the believers put their trust in Allah. (13) O you who believe, among your spouses and children are enemies to you, so beware of them. Yet if you pardon, overlook, and forgive, then Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful. (14)”

“But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs will be the inhabitants of the Fire, remaining there forever. What an evil destination!”

“No calamity befalls except by Allah’s permission”—by His will and decree (1). “Whoever believes in Allah,” and thus affirms that no calamity can befall him except by Allah’s permission, “He will guide his heart”: He grants him certainty, so that he knows that what struck him could never have missed him, and what missed him could never have struck him; thus he submits to His decree (2). “Allah has full knowledge of all things.”

“Obey Allah and obey the Messenger. But if you turn away, then Our Messenger’s duty is only to deliver the message clearly.”

“Allah: there is no deity except Him. So let the believers put their trust in Allah.”

The words of the Exalted: “O you who believe, among your spouses and children are enemies to you, so beware of them.” Ibn Abbas said: “These were men from the people of Makkah who accepted Islam and wished to emigrate to Madinah, but their wives and children prevented them. They said, ‘We have endured your acceptance of Islam, but we cannot endure being separated from you.’ So they obeyed them and abandoned emigration (3).” Thus, the Exalted said: “So beware of them”—that is, beware lest you obey them and abandon emigration (4).

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) In manuscript B: “for Allah’s decree.” (3) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in al-Tafsir, “Exegesis of Surat al-Taghabun,” 9:222-223, who said: “This is a sound hadith”; by al-Tabari, 28:124; and by al-Hakim, 2:490, who said: “This hadith has a sound chain of transmission, though the two did not include it.” Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:184, to al-Firyabi, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Tabarani. (4) The text enclosed in parentheses is omitted from manuscript A.

﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (١٠) مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (١١) وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَى رَسُولِنَا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ (١٢) اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١٣) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (١٤) ﴾ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ ﴿مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ﴾ [بِإِرَادَتِهِ وَقَضَائِهِ] (١) ﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ﴾ فَيُصَدِّقْ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصِيبُهُ مُصِيبَةٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ﴿يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ﴾ يُوَفِّقُهُ لِلْيَقِينِ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُخْطِئَهُ، وَمَا أَخْطَأَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُصِيبَهُ فَيُسَلِّمَ [لِقَضَائِهِ] (٢) ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَى رَسُولِنَا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ ﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هَؤُلَاءِ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَسْلَمُوا وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يُهَاجِرُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَنَعَهُمْ أَزْوَاجُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ، وَقَالُوا: صَبَرْنَا عَلَى إِسْلَامِكُمْ فَلَا نَصْبِرُ عَلَى فِرَاقِكُمْ فَأَطَاعُوهُمْ وَتَرَكُوا الْهِجْرَةَ (٣) [فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ﴾ أَنْ تُطِيعُوهُمْ وَتَدَعُوا الْهِجْرَةَ] (٤) .

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) في "ب" لقضاء الله. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في التفسير -تفسير سورة التغابن-: ٩ / ٢٢٢-٢٢٣ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح" والطبري: ٢٨ / ١٢٤، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٩٠ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٨٤ نسبته للفريابي وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم والطبراني. (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".