Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/136)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Taghabun—Medinan. (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

Ata said: It is Meccan, except for three verses, (2) beginning with His words, “O you who believe, indeed among your spouses and children...,” through to the end of those verses.

“Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth glorifies Allah. To Him belongs all dominion, and to Him belongs all praise, and He is over all things fully capable. It is He who created you; then among you are disbelievers and among you are believers. And Allah sees all that you do.” Ibn Abbas said: “Indeed, (3) Allah created the children of Adam as believers and disbelievers; then, on the Day of Resurrection, He will bring them back as He created them: believers and disbelievers.” (4)

It has also been related to us from Ibn Abbas, from Ubayy ibn Kab, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The boy whom al-Khidr killed was created with disbelief imprinted upon him.” (5)

The Most High said: “And they will beget none but wicked, ungrateful disbelievers.” (Noah 27)

(1) Ibn al-Durays, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi, in al-Dala'il, narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that Surat al-Taghabun was revealed in Medina. Ibn Mardawayh also narrated from Ibn al-Zubayr that Surat al-Taghabun was revealed in Medina. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:181. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 28:125. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:181. (3) Omitted from manuscript B. (4) Reported by al-Tabari, 12:382, ed. Mahmud Shakir; al-Lalakai, Sharh Usul al-Itiqad, 3:547; and al-Ajurri, al-Shariah, p. 211. (5) Reported by Muslim as a marfu hadith, attributed to the Prophet, in al-Qadar, chapter: “The Meaning of Every Child Being Born upon the Fitrah (Natural Disposition), and the Ruling on the Death of the Children of Disbelievers and Muslims,” no. 2661, 4:2050.

سُورَةُ التَّغَابُنِ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (١) هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (٢) ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ هِيَ مَكِّيَّةٌ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ (٢) مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ" إِلَى آخِرِهِنَّ. ﴿يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ﴾ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: [إِنَّ] (٣) اللَّهَ خَلَقَ بَنِي آدَمَ مُؤْمِنًا وَكَافِرًا، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَمَا خَلَقَهُمْ مُؤْمِنًا وَكَافِرًا (٤) . وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ الْخَضِرُ ﵇ طُبِعَ كَافِرًا" (٥) وَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ "وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا" (نُوحٍ-٢٧) .

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس وابن مردويه والبيهقي في الدلائل عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: نزلت سورة التغابن بالمدينة. وأخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير قال: نزلت سورة التغابن بالمدينة. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٨١. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٢٥. وانظر الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٨١. (٣) ساقط من "ب". (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ١٢ / ٣٨٢ (بتحقيق محمود شاكر) ، واللالكائي في شرح أصول الاعتقاد: ٣ / ٥٤٧، والآجري في الشريعة ص (٢١١) . (٥) أخرجه مسلم مرفوعا في القدر، باب معنى كل مولود يولد على الفطرة، وحكم موت أطفال الكفار وأطفال المسلمين برقم: (٢٦٦١) : ٤ / ٢٠٥٠.