Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/125)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Isma'il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan narrated to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu al-Ahwas informed us, from Simak, from Jabir ibn Samurah, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, delivered two sermons, sitting between them. He would recite the Quran and admonish the people. (1)

Through this same chain of transmission, Jabir ibn Samurah said: I prayed with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and both his prayer and his sermon were of moderate length. (2)

The sermon is an obligatory component of the Friday prayer. It is required that the imam deliver two sermons while standing. The minimum that constitutes a sermon is that he praise Allah, invoke blessings upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and exhort the people to fear Allah. These three are obligatory in each of the two sermons. He must also recite a verse from the Quran in the first sermon and supplicate for the believers in the second. If he omits any one of these five, his Friday prayer is invalid according to al-Shafi'i. Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, held that it is sufficient if he says a single glorification, expression of praise, or declaration of Allah's greatness. Yet such a brief utterance does not constitute a sermon, whereas he has been commanded to deliver a sermon.

The Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abd Allah ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Mamawayh informed us; Abu Sa'id Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyad al-Basri informed us in Mecca; al-Hasan ibn al-Sabbah al-Za'farani narrated to us; Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Majid al-Thaqafi narrated to us, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Rafi', that Marwan appointed Abu Hurayrah as his deputy over Medina. Abu Hurayrah then led them in the Friday prayer, reciting Surah al-Jumu'ah in the first rak'ah and, in the second, “When the Hypocrites Come to You” (Surah al-Munafiqun, 1). Ubayd Allah said: When we had finished, I walked beside him and said, “You have recited two surahs which I heard Ali ibn Abi Talib recite in prayer.” He replied, “I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, recite them.” (3)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us, from Malik, from Damrah ibn Sa'id al-Mazini, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Utbah, that al-Dahhak ibn Qays asked al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, “What would the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recite on Friday after Surah al-Jumu'ah?”

(1) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Jumu'ah (The Friday Prayer), chapter on mentioning the two sermons before the prayer and the sitting during them, no. 862, 2:589. (2) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Jumu'ah (The Friday Prayer), chapter on shortening the prayer and sermon, no. 866, 2:591; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:251. (3) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Jumu'ah (The Friday Prayer), chapter on what is recited in the Friday prayer, no. 877, 2:597-598; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:270.

أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبَدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خُطْبَتَانِ يَجْلِسُ بَيْنَهُمَا يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَيُذَكِّرُ النَّاسَ (١) وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَكَانَتْ صِلَاتُهُ قَصْدًا وَخُطْبَتُهُ قَصْدًا (٢) وَالْخُطْبَةُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةَ، وَيَجِبُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ قَائِمًا خُطْبَتَيْنِ، وَأَقَلُّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْخُطْبَةِ: أَنْ يَحْمَدَ اللَّهَ، وَيُصَلِّيَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيُوصِيَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةُ فَرْضٌ فِي الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا وَيَجِبُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي الْأُولَى آيَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ، فَلَوْ تَرَكَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخَمْسِ لَا تَصِحُّ جَمْعَتُهُ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَذَهَبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ﵁ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَتَى بِتَسْبِيحَةٍ أَوْ تَحْمِيدَةٍ أَوْ تَكْبِيرَةٍ أَجَزَأَهُ. وَهَذَا الْقَدْرُ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْخُطْبَةِ، وَهُوَ مَأْمُورٌ بِالْخُطْبَةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَامَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ اسْتَخْلَفَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ: "إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ" (الْمُنَافِقُونَ -١) فَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفْنَا مَشَيْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَقَدْ قَرَأْتَ بِسُورَتَيْنِ سُمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَقْرَأُ بِهِمَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ بِهِمَا (٣) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ أَنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ سَأَلَ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ مَاذَا كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى إِثْرِ سُورَةِ الْجُمُعَةَ؟

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الجمعة، باب ذكر الخطبتين قبل الصلاة وما فيهما من الجلسة برقم: (٨٦٢) : ٢ / ٥٨٩. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الجمعة، باب تخفيف الصلاة والخطبة برقم: (٨٦٦) : ٢ / ٥٩١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٥١. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الجمعة، باب ما يقرأ في صلاة الجمعة برقم: (٨٧٧) : ٢ / ٥٩٧ - ٥٩٨ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٧٠.