Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/124)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Those who maintain that the Friday prayer may be held (1) with twelve men cite this hadith as evidence. Yet it does not establish that he conducted the Friday prayer with them, such that it could serve as proof for requiring this number. Ibn Abbas said, in the narration of al-Kalbi: “Only eight men remained in the mosque.”

Al-Hasan and Abu Malik said: The people of Medina were afflicted by famine and high prices. Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi arrived from Syria with a cargo of olive oil while the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was delivering the Friday sermon. When they saw him, they went out to him at al-Baqi', fearing that others would get there before them. No one remained with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, except a small group, among them Abu Bakr and Umar. Then this verse was revealed. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “By Him in whose hand is Muhammad’s soul, had you all followed one another until none of you remained, the valley would have poured forth fire upon you.” (2)

Muqatil said: While ⦗165/a⦘ the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was delivering the Friday sermon, Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi arrived from Syria with merchandise. Whenever he arrived, not a single young unmarried woman in Medina would fail to come to him. Whenever he came, he brought everything people needed—flour, wheat, and other goods. He would stop at Ahjar al-Zayt, a place in the marketplace of Medina, then beat a drum to announce his arrival, whereupon people would go out to buy from him. He arrived on one Friday—and this was before he had embraced Islam—while the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was standing on the pulpit delivering the sermon. The people went out to him, and only twelve men and one woman remained in the mosque. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked, “How many remain in the mosque?” They replied, “Twelve men and one woman.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Had it not been for these, stones from heaven would have been marked out for them.” Then Allah revealed this verse. (3) He understood amusement to mean the drum.

It was also said: When a caravan arrived in Medina, people would receive it with drums and clapping. His saying, “they rush toward it,” refers back to trade, because it is the more important of the two. Alqamah said: Abdullah ibn Umar was asked, “Did the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, deliver the sermon standing or seated?” He replied, “Do you not read, ‘and leave you standing’?”

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm related to us; al-Rabi' informed us; al-Shafi'i informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad informed us; Ja'far ibn Muhammad informed me, from his father, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would deliver two sermons on Friday while standing, separating them with a sitting interval. (4)

(1) Omitted from manuscript A. (2) Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar cited it in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 171, and said: “This is how al-Wahidi related it from the exegetes. Al-Tha'labi, and then al-Baghawi, likewise related it from al-Hasan without a chain of transmission.” (3) Al-Suyuti mentioned it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:116, attributing it to al-Bayhaqi's Shu'ab al-Iman. (4) Narrated by al-Shafi'i, 1:144; al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 3:181; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:247.

وَيَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَنْ يَرَى [إِقَامَةَ] (١) الْجُمُعَةِ بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا. وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ بَيَانٌ أَنَّهُ أَقَامَ بِهِمُ الْجُمُعَةَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ حُجَّةً لِاشْتِرَاطِ هَذَا الْعَدَدِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ: لَمْ يَبْقَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا ثَمَانِيَةُ رَهْطٍ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ: أَصَابَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ جُوعٌ وَغَلَاءُ سِعْرٍ فَقَدِمَ دَحْيَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيُّ بِتِجَارَةِ زَيْتٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَامُوا إِلَيْهِ بِالْبَقِيعِ خَشُوا أَنْ يُسْبَقُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا رَهْطٌ مِنْهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَوْ تَتَابَعْتُمْ حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ لَسَالَ بِكُمُ الْوَادِي نَارًا" (٢) وَقَالَ مقاتل: بينا ١٦٥/أرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِذْ قَدِمَ دَحْيَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيُّ مِنَ الشَّامِ بِالتِّجَارَةِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا قَدِمَ لَمْ تَبْقَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَاتِقٌ إِلَّا أَتَتْهُ، وَكَانَ يَقْدَمُ إِذَا قَدِمَ بِكُلِّ مَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ دَقِيقٍ وَبُرٍّ وَغَيْرِهِ، فَيَنْزِلُ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الزَّيْتِ، وَهُوَ مَكَانٌ فِي سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ يَضْرِبُ بِالطَّبْلِ لِيُؤْذِنَ النَّاسَ بِقُدُومِهِ فَيَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ لِيَبْتَاعُوا مِنْهُ فَقَدِمَ ذَاتَ جُمُعَةٍ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَخْطُبُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا وَامْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "كَمْ بَقِيَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ؟ فَقَالُوا: اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا وَامْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَوْلَا هَؤُلَاءِ لَسُوِّمَتْ لَهُمُ الْحِجَارَةُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ" فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) وَأَرَادَ بِاللَّهْوِ الطَّبْلَ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَتِ الْعِيرُ إِذَا قَدِمَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ اسْتَقْبَلُوهَا بِالطَّبْلِ وَالتَّصْفِيقِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: "انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا" رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى التِّجَارَةِ لِأَنَّهَا أَهَمُّ. وَقَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: سُئِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: أَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ قَائِمًا أَوْ قَاعِدًا؟ قَالَ: أَمَا تَقْرَأُ "وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا". أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ خُطْبَتَيْنِ قَائِمًا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِجُلُوسٍ (٤) .

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) أورده الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٧١) وقال: هكذا ذكره الواحدي عن المفسرين، وذكره الثعلبي ثم البغوي عن الحسن بغير إسناد. (٣) ذكره السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١١٦ وعزاه للبيهقي في شعب الإيمان. (٤) أخرجه الشافعي: ١ / ١٤٤، والبيهقي في السنن: ٣ / ١٨١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٤٧.