Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/123)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm related to us; al-Rabi' informed us; al-Shafi'i informed us; Sufyan informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“When Friday comes, angels stand at each of the mosque’s gates, recording the people in the order in which they arrive, one after another. When the imam comes out, they fold up their scrolls and listen to the sermon. The one who comes early to the prayer is like one who offers a sacrificial camel; the one after him is like one who offers a cow; then the one after him is like one who offers a sheep; then the one after him is like one who offers a ram,” until he mentioned a hen and an egg. (1)

“When the prayer has ended, then disperse throughout the land and seek Allah’s bounty, and remember Allah often, so that you may prosper. And when they see some trade or amusement, they rush toward it and leave you standing. Say: What is with Allah is better than amusement and trade; and Allah is the best of providers.” (10–11)

His saying, exalted is He: “When the prayer has ended, then disperse throughout the land,” means: when the prayer has been completed, disperse throughout the land for trade and to attend to your needs. “And seek Allah’s bounty” means provision. This is a command of permission, like His saying: “When you leave the state of consecration, then hunt.” (al-Ma'idah, 2)

Ibn Abbas said: “If you wish, go out; if you wish, remain seated; and if you wish, pray until the afternoon prayer.” It was also said: “Disperse throughout the land” does not mean seeking worldly gain, but rather visiting the sick, attending a funeral, and visiting a brother for the sake of Allah. Al-Hasan, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and Makhul said: “And seek Allah’s bounty” means seeking knowledge.

“And remember Allah often, so that you may prosper.” His saying, exalted is He: “And when they see some trade or amusement, they rush toward it and leave you standing”—the verse. Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Hafs ibn Umar related to us; Khalid ibn Abd Allah related to us [Husayn informed us] (2), from Salim ibn Abi al-Ja'd and Abu Sufyan, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, who said: A trade caravan arrived on a Friday while we were with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the people rushed toward it, except for twelve men. Thereupon Allah revealed: “And when they see some trade or amusement, they rush toward it.” (3)

(1) Narrated by al-Shafi'i, 1:131; al-Bukhari in The Book of Friday Prayer, “Chapter on Listening to the Sermon on Friday,” 2:407; Muslim in The Book of Friday Prayer, “Chapter on the Virtue of Going Early on Friday,” no. 580, 2:587; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:232. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Quranic Exegesis, “Exegesis of Surat al-Jumu'ah,” chapter on the verse: wa-idha ra'aw tijaratan aw lahwan (When they see trade or amusement), 8:643; and Muslim in The Book of Friday Prayer, chapter on the verse: wa-idha ra'aw tijaratan aw lahwan infaddu ilayha wa tarakuka qa'iman (When they see trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing), no. 863, 2:590.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَكْتُبُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمُ الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ الْإِمَامُ طُوِيَتِ الصُّحُفُ وَاسْتَمَعُوا الْخُطْبَةَ وَالْمُهَجِّرُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ كَالْمُهْدِي بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَالْمُهْدِي بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَالْمُهْدِي شَاةً ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَالْمُهْدِي كَبْشًا حَتَّى ذَكَرَ الدَّجَاجَةَ وَالْبَيْضَةَ" (١) . ﴿فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (١٠) وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (١١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ أَيْ إِذَا فُرِغَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِلتِّجَارَةِ وَالتَّصَرُّفِ فِي حَوَائِجِكُمْ ﴿وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي الرِّزْقَ وَهَذَا أَمْرُ إِبَاحَةٍ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا" (الْمَائِدَةِ -٢) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنْ شِئْتَ فَاخْرُجْ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَاقْعُدْ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَصَلِّ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ، وَقِيلَ: فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ لَيْسَ لِطَلَبِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَكِنْ لِعِيَادَةِ مَرِيضٍ وَحُضُورِ جِنَازَةٍ وَزِيَارَةِ أَخٍ فِي اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَمَكْحُولٌ: "وَابْتَغَوْا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ" هُوَ طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ. ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ الْآيَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ [أَخْبَرَنَا حُصَيْنٌ] (٢) عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ وَعَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَقْبَلَتْ عِيرٌ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَنَحْنُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَثَارَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: "وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا" (٣) .

(١) أخرجه الشافعي: ١ / ١٣١، والبخاري في الجمعة، باب الاستماع إلى الخطبة يوم الجمعة: ٢ / ٤٠٧، ومسلم في الجمعة، باب فضل التهجير يوم الجمعة برقم: (٥٨٠) : ٢ / ٥٨٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٣٢. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير - تفسير سورة الجمعة - باب: (وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا) ٨ / ٦٤٣، ومسلم في الجمعة، باب في قوله تعالى: (وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا انفضلوا إليها وتركوك قائما) برقم: (٨٦٣) : ٢ / ٥٩٠.