Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/119)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The Imam Abu al-Hasan Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Dawudi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hammuyah al-Sarakhsi informed us in the year 381 AH; Isa ibn Umar ibn al-Abbas al-Samarqandi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi al-Samarqandi related to us; Yahya ibn Hassan informed us; Muawiyah ibn Sallam related to us; Zayd ibn Sallam informed me that he heard Abu Sallam say: Al-Hakam ibn Mina related to me that Ibn Umar and Abu Hurayrah told him that they both heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was standing on the steps of his pulpit, say: “People must desist from neglecting the Friday prayers, or Allah will surely seal their hearts, and then they will surely be among the heedless.” (1)

Abu Uthman al-Dabbi informed us; Abu Muhammad al-Jarrahi informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Mahbubi related to us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi related to us; Ali ibn Khashram related to us; Isa ibn Yunus informed us, from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Ubaydah ibn Sufyan, from Abu al-Ja'd—that is, al-Damiri—who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever neglects the Friday prayer three times out of disregard for it, Allah will seal his heart.” (2)

The scholars differed concerning the place in which the Friday prayer may be established, the number by which it is validly established, and the distance from which attendance is obligatory. As for the place, some held that every village in which forty men possessing the requisite qualifications reside—that is, they are free, sane, adult, (3) permanent residents who do not depart from it in winter or summer except for a necessary journey—must establish the Friday prayer there. This was the view of Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, and it was also held by al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. They said: The Friday prayer is not validly established with fewer than forty men possessing these qualities. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz further stipulated, along with the number of forty, that there must be a governor among them; whereas, according to al-Shafi'i, a governor is not a condition.

Ali said: “There is no Friday prayer except in a city with a congregational mosque.” This was also the view of the scholars of juristic opinion.

According to Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, it is validly established with four men, and a governor is a condition. Al-Awza'i and Abu Yusuf said:

(1) Narrated by al-Darimi in The Book of Prayer, “Chapter on One Who Abandons Friday Prayer Without an Excuse,” 1:306-307; by Muslim in The Book of Friday Prayer, “Chapter on the Stern Warning against Abandoning Friday Prayer,” no. 865, 2:591; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:214-215. (2) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in The Book of Prayer, “Chapter on What Has Been Reported concerning Abandoning Friday Prayer Without an Excuse,” 3:13. Abu Isa said: “The hadith of Abu al-Ja'd is hasan.” It was also narrated by Abu Dawud in The Book of Prayer, “Chapter on the Severe Warning against Abandoning Friday Prayer,” 2:5-6; by al-Nasai in The Book of Friday Prayer, “Chapter on the Severe Warning against Failing to Attend Friday Prayer,” 3:88-89; by Ibn Majah in The Book of Establishing the Prayer, “Chapter on One Who Abandons Friday Prayer Without an Excuse,” no. 1125, 1:357; by al-Bayhaqi, 3:178; and by Imam Ahmad, 3:424. Ibn Hibban authenticated it, no. 555, p. 147; al-Hakim also authenticated it, 1:280, and al-Dhahabi concurred. It is also cited by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:213. (3) An addition from manuscript “B.”

أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّاوُدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمُّوَيْهِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ فِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَثَمَانِينَ وَثَلَثمِائَةٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّارِمَيِّ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ يَقُولُ حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مِينَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ وَأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُمَا سَمِعَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى أَعْوَادِ مِنْبَرِهِ: "لَيَنْتَهِينَ أَقْوَامٌ عَنْ وَدْعِهِمُ الْجُمُعَاتِ أَوْ لَيَخْتِمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ ثُمَّ لَيَكُونُنَّ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ" (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَرَّاحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ يَعْنِي الضُّمَيْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ تَرَكَ الْجُمُعَةَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ تَهَاوُنًا بِهَا طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ" (٢) وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي مَوْضِعِ إِقَامَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِي الْعَدَدِ الَّذِي تَنْعَقِدُ بِهِ الْجُمُعَةُ، وَفِي الْمَسَافَةِ الَّتِي يَجِبُ أَنْ يُؤْتَى مِنْهَا: أَمَّا الْمَوْضِعُ: فَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَرْيَةٍ اجْتَمَعَ فِيهَا أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكَمَالِ، بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا أَحْرَارًا عَاقِلِينَ [بَالِغِينَ] (٣) مُقِيمِينَ لَا يَظْعَنُونَ عَنْهَا شِتَاءً وَلَا صَيْفًا إِلَّا ظَعْنَ حَاجَةٍ، تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِقَامَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ فِيهَا. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ. وَقَالُوا: لَا تَنْعَقِدُ الْجُمُعَةُ بِأَقَلِّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ، وَشَرَطَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مَعَ عَدَدِ الْأَرْبَعِينَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِمْ وَالٍ، وَالْوَالِي غَيْرُ شَرْطٍ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ. وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَا جُمُعَةَ إِلَّا فِي مِصْرٍ جَامِعٍ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ. ثُمَّ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، ﵁ تَنْعَقِدُ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ، وَالْوَالِي شَرْطٌ وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ:

(١) أخرجه الدارمي في الصلاة، باب فيمن يترك الجمعة من غير عذر: ١ / ٣٠٦ - ٣٠٧. ومسلم في الجمعة، باب التغليظ في ترك الجمعة برقم: (٨٦٥) : ٢ / ٥٩١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢١٤ - ٢١٥. (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في الصلاة، باب ما جاء في ترك الجمعة من غير عذر: ٣ / ١٣ قال أبو عيسى: "حديث أبي الجعد حديث حسن"، وأبو داود في الصلاة، باب التشديد في ترك الجمعة: ٢ / ٥ -٦، والنسائي في الجمعة، باب التشديد في التخلف عن الجمعة: ٣ / ٨٨ - ٨٩، وابن ماجه في الإقامة، باب فيمن ترك الجمعة من غير عذر برقم: (١١٢٥) : ١ / ٣٥٧، والبيهقي: ٣ / ١٧٨، وصححه ابن حبان برقم (٥٥٥) : ص (١٤٧) ، والحاكم: ١ / ٢٨٠ ووافقه الذهبي، والإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٤٢٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢١٣. (٣) زيادة من "ب".