Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/117)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The saying of Allah, exalted is He: “Then proceed to the remembrance of Allah,” means: go to it and act for it. What is meant by proceeding is not rushing; rather, it means action and effort, as He says: “And when he turns away, he strives throughout the land” (al-Baqarah 205), and: “Indeed, your efforts are diverse” (al-Layl 4).

Umar ibn al-Khattab used to recite: “Then go to the remembrance of Allah,” and this was likewise the recitation of Abd Allah ibn Masud (1). Al-Hasan said: “By Allah, it does not mean hastening on foot. Indeed, they were forbidden to come to the prayer except in a state of tranquility and dignity; rather, it is with the heart, intention, and humility.” (2)

Regarding this verse, Qatadah said: “Then proceed to the remembrance of Allah.” He said: “Proceeding means striving with your heart and your actions, and it is walking to it.” (3) He also interpreted His saying, “And when he reached with him the age of exertion” (al-Saffat 102), saying: “When he walked with him.”

Imam Abu [Ali] al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Maqil al-Maydanī informed us; Muhammad ibn Yahya related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Mamar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Ibn al-Musayyib, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When the prayer has been called to commence, do not come to it running. Rather, come to it walking, with tranquility [and dignity] (5). Whatever you catch of it, pray; and whatever you miss, complete.” (6)

His saying, “to the remembrance of Allah,” means the prayer. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said concerning “Then proceed to the remembrance of Allah”: “It is the imam’s exhortation.” “And leave trade” means both selling and buying, since the term trade encompasses them both. Selling and buying become prohibited only at the second call to prayer. Al-Zuhri said: when the imam comes out. Al-Dahhak said: When the sun passes its zenith, selling and buying become prohibited. “That”—namely, attending the Friday prayer and abandoning trade, which I have mentioned—“is better for you” than trading, “if you only knew” the interests of your own souls.

(1) Narrated by al-Tabari, 28:100; and mentioned by Ibn Kathir, 4:366. (2) Mentioned by Ibn Kathir, 4:368. (3) Narrated by al-Tabari, 28:99-100. (4) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (5) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (6) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 2:211; by al-Bukhari in The Book of Friday Prayer, “The Chapter on Walking to Friday Prayer,” 2:390; by Muslim in The Book of Mosques, “The Chapter on the Recommendation to Attend Prayer with Dignity and Calmness, and the Prohibition of Hurrying to It,” no. 602, 1:420-421; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:316.

قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: فَامْضُوا إِلَيْهِ وَاعْمَلُوا لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مِنَ السَّعْيِ الْإِسْرَاعَ، إِنَّمَا الْمُرَادُ مِنْهَا الْعَمَلُ وَالْفِعْلُ، كَمَا قَالَ: "وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ" (الْبَقَرَةِ -٢٠٥) وَقَالَ: "إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى" (اللَّيْلِ -٤) . وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَقْرَأُ: فَامْضُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ هِيَ فِي قِرَاءَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ (١) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِالسَّعْي عَلَى الْأَقْدَامِ، وَلَقَدْ نُهُوا أَنْ يَأْتُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَعَلَيْهِمُ السَّكِينَةُ وَالْوَقَارُ، وَلَكِنْ بِالْقُلُوبِ وَالنِّيَّةِ وَالْخُشُوعِ (٢) وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: "فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ" قَالَ: فَالسَّعْيُ أَنْ تَسْعَى بِقَلْبِكَ وَعَمَلِكَ وَهُوَ الْمَشْيُ إِلَيْهَا (٣) وَكَانَ يَتَأَوَّلُ قَوْلَهُ: "فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ" (الصَّافَاتِ -١٠٢) يَقُولُ فَلَمَّا مَشَى مَعَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو [عَلِيٍّ] (٤) الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ الْمَيْدَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ، وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ [وَالْوَقَارُ] (٥) فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمِّوهَا" (٦) قَوْلُهُ ﴿إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: "فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ" قَالَ هُوَ مَوْعِظَةُ الْإِمَامِ ﴿وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْبَيْعَ وَالشِّرَاءَ لِأَنَّ اسْمَ الْبَيْعِ يَتَنَاوَلُهُمَا جَمِيعًا. وَإِنَّمَا يَحْرُمُ الْبَيْعُ وَالشِّرَاءُ عِنْدَ الْأَذَانِ الثَّانِي وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: عِنْدَ خُرُوجِ الْإِمَامِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ حَرُمَ الْبَيْعُ وَالشِّرَاءُ ﴿ذَلِكُمْ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ حُضُورِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَتَرْكِ الْبَيْعِ، ﴿خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْمُبَايَعَةِ ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ مَصَالِحَ أَنْفُسِكُمْ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٠٠، وذكره ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٦٦. (٢) ذكره ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٦٨. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ٩٩ - ١٠٠. (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) ساقط من "أ". (٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٢ / ٢١١. وأخرجه البخاري في الجمعة، باب المشي إلى الجمعة: ٢ / ٣٩٠، ومسلم في المساجد، باب استحباب إتيان الصلاة بوقار وسكينة والنهي عن إتيانها سعيا، برقم (٦٠٢) : ١ / ٤٢٠ - ٤٢١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٣١٦.