Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/288)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Umar ibn Abd al-ʿAzīz informed us; Abu al-Qāsim ibn Jaʿfar al-Hāshimī informed us; Abu ʿAlī al-Luʾluʾī related to us; Abu Dāwūd related to us; Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us; Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us; Shuʿbah related to us; ʿAmr ibn Abī Ḥakīm told me, saying: I heard al-Zibriqān narrate from ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr, from Zayd ibn Thābit—may Allah be pleased with him—who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would pray the noon prayer in the midday heat, and no prayer was more burdensome upon the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, than it. Then this was revealed: “Maintain the prescribed prayers, especially the middle prayer.” (1)

The majority held that it is the afternoon prayer. This has been narrated by a group from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and it was the view of ʿAlī, ʿAbd Allah ibn Masʿūd, Abū Ayyūb, Abū Hurayrah, and ʿĀʾishah—may Allah be pleased with them. It was likewise held by Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī, Qatādah, and al-Ḥasan.

Abū al-Ḥasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zāhir ibn Aḥmad informed us; Abū Isḥāq al-Hāshimī informed us; Abū Muṣʿab related to us from Mālik, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn Ḥakīm, from Abū Yūnus, the freedman of ʿĀʾishah, the Mother of the Believers—may Allah be pleased with her—who said: ʿĀʾishah instructed me to write out a copy of the Qur'an for her, and said, “When you reach this verse, inform me: ‘Maintain the prescribed prayers, especially the middle prayer.’” When I reached it, I informed her, and she dictated to me: “Maintain the prescribed prayers, especially the middle prayer—the afternoon prayer—and stand before Allah in devout obedience.” (2) ʿĀʾishah—may Allah be pleased with her—said, “I heard it from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” The same has been related from Ḥafṣah.

ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn Aḥmad al-Malīḥī informed us; Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Samʿān related to us; Abū Jaʿfar al-Rayyānī related to us; Ḥumayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Abū Nuʿaym related to us; Sufyān related to us from ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Najūd, from Zirr ibn Ḥubaysh, who said: We said to ʿUbaydah, “Ask ʿAlī about the middle prayer.” So he asked him, and he replied: “We had thought that it was the dawn prayer, until I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say on the day of the Trench: ‘They distracted us from the middle prayer, the afternoon prayer. May Allah fill their bellies and their graves with fire.’” (3) This is because it falls between two daytime prayers and two nighttime prayers, and because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, singled it out with a stern warning.

ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Malīḥī informed us; Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymī related to us; Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf informed us; Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl related to us; Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm related to us; Hishām related to us; Yaḥyā ibn Abī Kathīr related to us from Abū Qilābah, from Abū al-Malīḥ, who said: We were with

(1) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, on the authority of Zayd ibn Thabit, 5:183; Abu Dawud, in The Prayer, chapter: The Time of the Asr Prayer, 1:240; al-Tahawi, Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar, 1:167; al-Tabari, Tafsir, 5:206; and al-Bayhaqi, 1:458. Al-Suyuti also attributed it to al-Bukhari in al-Tarikh al-Kabir, Abu Ya'la, and al-Tabarani. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 1:720; and al-Tabari's Tafsir, with the annotations of Mahmud Shakir, 5:207. (2) Narrated by Muslim, in The Mosques, chapter: Evidence for those who hold that the middle prayer is the Asr prayer, no. 629, 1:437; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:232. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in the commentary on Surat al-Baqarah, chapter: “Maintain the prayers, and the middle prayer,” 8:195; and Muslim, in The Mosques, chapter: Evidence for those who hold that the middle prayer is the Asr prayer, no. 627, 1:436; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:233-234.

أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أبو علي اللؤلؤي أَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَا شُعْبَةُ حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزِّبْرِقَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ﵁ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةً أَشَدَّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْهَا، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ (١) . وَذَهَبَ الْأَكْثَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَلَيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَعَائِشَةَ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَبِهِ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ وَقَتَادَةُ وَالْحَسَنُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﵄ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَمَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ أَنْ أَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفًا وَقَالَتْ: إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَآذِنِّي ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُهَا آذَنْتُهَا فَأَمْلَتْ عَلَيَّ ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ "صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ" ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ (٢) قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَنْ حَفْصَةَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَانِيُّ أَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ أَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: قُلْنَا لِعُبَيْدَةَ سَلْ عَلِيًّا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: كُنَّا نَرَى أَنَّهَا صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ: "شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ اللَّهُ أَجْوَافَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا" (٣) وَلِأَنَّهَا صَلَاتَيْ نَهَارٍ وَصَلَاتَيْ لَيْلٍ، وَقَدْ خَصَّهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالتَّغْلِيظِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنَا هِشَامٌ أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ

(١) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: عن زيد بن ثابت ٥ / ١٨٣. وأبو داود في الصلاة باب وقت العصر: ١ / ٢٤٠. والطحاوي في شرح معاني الآثار: ١ / ١٦٧. والطبري في التفسير: ٥ / ٢٠٦، والبيهقي: ١ / ٤٥٨، وعزاه السيوطي أيضا للبخاري في تاريخه الكبير وأبي يعلى والطبراني، انظر: الدر المنثور: ١ / ٧٢٠، تفسير الطبري بتعليق محمود شاكر ٥ / ٢٠٧. (٢) رواه مسلم: في المساجد - باب: الدليل لمن قال: الصلاة الوسطى هي صلاة العصر برقم (٦٢٩) ١ / ٤٣٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة ٢ / ٢٣٢. (٣) رواه البخاري: في تفسير سورة البقرة - باب: حافظوا على الصلوات والصلاة الوسطى: ٨ / ١٩٥. ومسلم: في المساجد - باب: الدليل لمن قال: الصلاة الوسطى هي صلاة العصر برقم (٦٢٧) ١ / ٤٣٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٢٣٣-٢٣٤.