Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/108)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and had thrust when he had not, and had struck when he had not. So this verse was revealed. (1)

Ibn Zayd said: It was revealed concerning the hypocrites: they would promise the believers support, while they were lying. (2)

“How detestable it is in the sight of Allah that you say”—the clause “that you say” is in the nominative position, like your saying, “How evil a man your brother is.” The meaning of the verse is that this is exceedingly grave in detestation and hatred before Allah; that is, Allah intensely hates your saying “what you do not do”—that you promise yourselves something, then fail to fulfil it.

“Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in His cause in ranks, as though they were a solid structure. (4) And remember when Moses said to his people, ‘O my people! Why do you harm me, though you know that I am Allah’s messenger to you?’ So when they deviated, Allah caused their hearts to deviate. And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people. (5)”

“Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in His cause in ranks”: that is, they form themselves into a single rank when fighting ⦗163/a⦘ and do not leave their positions. “As though they were a solid structure”: its parts have been joined together—that is, fastened to one another—and made firm, leaving no gap or breach in it. It was also said: like lead. “And remember when Moses said to his people,” from among the Children of Israel, “O my people! Why do you harm me?” This was when they accused him of having a hernia. “Though you know that I am Allah’s messenger to you”; and a messenger is to be venerated, honoured, and respected. (4) “So when they deviated,” turning away from the truth, “Allah caused their hearts to deviate,” inclining them away from the truth. That is, when they abandoned the truth by harming their prophet, Allah inclined their hearts away from the truth. “And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.” Al-Zajjaj said: That is, He does not guide one whose being defiantly disobedient has preceded in His knowledge.

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 28:84-85; also mentioned by Ibn Kathir, 4:359. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:261. (2) Mentioned by al-Tabari, 28:85, who deemed the following view preponderant: “The soundest of these interpretations of the verse is the view of those who said that it refers to those who said, ‘If we knew the deeds most beloved to Allah, we would perform them,’ but then fell short in acting after they had come to know.” See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:261. (3) The text within parentheses is an addition from manuscript B. (4) The text within parentheses is an addition from manuscript B.

وَطَعَنْتُ وَلَمْ يَطْعَنْ، وَضَرَبْتُ وَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (١) قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَانُوا يَعِدُونَ النَّصْرَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهُمْ كَاذِبُونَ (٢) ﴿كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا﴾ فِي مَوْضِعِ الرَّفْعِ فَهُوَ كَقَوْلِكَ: بِئْسَ رَجُلًا أَخُوكَ، وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: أَيْ عَظُمَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَقْتِ وَالْبُغْضِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، أَيْ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُبْغِضُ بُغْضًا شَدِيدًا أَنْ تَقُولُوا ﴿مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ أَنْ تَعِدُوا مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ لَمْ تُوَّفُوا بِهِ. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا كَأَنَّهُمْ بُنْيَانٌ مَرْصُوصٌ (٤) وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ لِمَ تُؤْذُونَنِي وَقَدْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (٥) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا﴾ أَيْ يَصُفُّونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ عِنْدَ القتال صفًا ١٦٣/أوَلَا يَزُولُونَ عَنْ أَمَاكِنِهِمْ ﴿كَأَنَّهُمْ بُنْيَانٌ مَرْصُوصٌ﴾ قَدْ رُصَّ بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ [أَيْ أُلْزِقَ بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ] (٣) وَأُحْكِمَ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ فُرْجَةٌ وَلَا خَلَلٌ. وَقِيلَ كَالرَّصَاصِ. ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ﴾ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: ﴿يَا قَوْمِ لِمَ تُؤْذُونَنِي﴾ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ رَمَوْهُ بِالْأُدْرَةِ ﴿وَقَدْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ﴾ وَالرَّسُولُ يُعَظَّمُ [وَيُكَرَّمُ] (٤) وَيُحْتَرَمُ ﴿فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا﴾ عَدَلُوا عَنِ الْحَقِّ ﴿أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ﴾ أَمَالَهَا عَنِ الْحَقِّ، يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا تَرَكُوا الْحَقَّ بِإِيذَاءِ نَبِيِّهِمْ أَمَالَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهَمْ عَنِ الْحَقِّ ﴿وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: يَعْنِي لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِهِ أَنَّهُ فَاسِقٌ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ٨٤-٨٥، وذكره ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٥٩. وانظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٦١. (٢) ذكره الطبري: ٢٨ / ٨٥ وقال مرجحا: "وأولى هذه الأقوال بتأويل الآية قول من قال: عنى بها الذين قالوا: لو عرفنا أحب الأعمال إلى الله لعملنا به، ثم قصروا في العمل بعد ما عرفوا"، وانظر البحر المحيط ٨ / ٢٦١. (٣) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٤) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب".