Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/102)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Abu Ma'mar narrated to us; Abd al-Warith narrated to us; Ayyub narrated to us from Hafsah bint Sirin, from Umm Atiyyah, who said: “We pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he recited to us: ‘That they should not associate anything with Allah.’ He forbade us from wailing. One woman then withdrew her hand and said, ‘So-and-so once wailed with me, and I wish to repay her.’ The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said nothing to her. She went away, then returned, and he accepted her pledge.” (1)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha'labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Daynawari informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrated to us; Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili narrated to us; Hudbah ibn Khalid narrated to us; Aban ibn Yazid narrated to us; Yahya ibn Abi Kathir narrated to us that Zayd told him that Abu Salam told him that Abu Malik al-Ash'ari told him that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There are four practices in my ummah from the affairs of the pre-Islamic era which they will not abandon: boasting of noble lineage, disparaging people’s ancestry, seeking rain through the stars, and wailing.” He also said: “If a woman who wails does not repent before her death, she will rise on the Day of Resurrection wearing a garment of tar and a coat of scabs.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Amr ibn Hafs narrated to us; my father narrated to us; al-A'mash informed us from Abd Allah ibn Murrah, from Masruq, from Abd Allah, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “He is not of us who strikes the cheeks, tears the openings of his garment, and raises the cries of the pre-Islamic era.” (3)

His saying, “Then accept their pledge,” means: when they have pledged allegiance to you, then accept their pledge. “And ask Allah to forgive them. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Mahmud narrated to me; Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us; Ma'mar informed us from al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to accept women’s pledges verbally upon the terms of this verse: “That they should not associate anything with Allah.” She said: The hand of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, never touched the hand of any woman, except a female slave whom he owned. (4)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, Tafsir of Surat al-Mumtahanah, chapter: “When believing women come to you pledging allegiance,” 8:637. (2) Narrated by Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, 2:235; Muslim in Kitab al-Jana'iz, chapter on the prohibition of wailing, hadith no. 934, 2:644; and the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:437. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Jana'iz, chapter: “He is not of us who strikes the cheeks,” 3:166; Muslim in Kitab al-Iman, chapter on the prohibition of striking the cheeks, hadith no. 103, 1:99; and the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:436. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Ahkam, chapter on the pledge of allegiance of women, 13:203; Muslim in Kitab al-Imarah, chapter on how women give the pledge of allegiance, hadith no. 1866, 3:1489; and Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 6:7.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَتْ: بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا "أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا" وَنَهَانَا عَنِ النِّيَاحَةِ، فَقَبَضَتِ امْرَأَةٌ يَدَهَا فَقَالَتْ: أَسْعَدَتْنِي فُلَانَةٌ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَجْزِيَهَا فَمَا قَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَيْئًا فَانْطَلَقَتْ وَرَجَعَتْ وَبَايَعَهَا (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الدَّيْنَوَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ أَنَّ زَيْدًا حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا سَلَامٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَرْبَعٌ فِي أُمَّتِي مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يَتْرُكُونَهُنَّ: الْفَخْرُ فِي الْأَحْسَابِ، وَالطَّعْنُ فِي الْأَنْسَابِ، وَالِاسْتِسْقَاءُ بِالنُّجُومِ وَالنِّيَاحَةُ". وَقَالَ: "النَّائِحَةُ إِذَا لَمْ تَتُبْ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهَا تَقُومُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَعَلَيْهَا سِرْبَالٌ مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ وَدِرْعٌ مِنْ جَرَبٍ" (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ ضَرَبَ الْخُدُودَ وَشَقَّ الْجُيُوبَ وَدَعَا بِدَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ" (٣) قَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَبَايِعْهُنَّ﴾ يَعْنِي إِذَا بَايَعْنَكَ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي مَحْمُودٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُبَايِعُ النِّسَاءَ بِالْكَلَامِ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: "لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا" قَالَتْ: وَمَا مَسَّتْ يَدُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَ امْرَأَةٍ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً يَمْلِكُهَا (٤) أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير - تفسير سورة الممتحنة، باب (إذا جاءك المؤمنات يبايعنك) ٨ / ٦٣٧. (٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى في مسنده: ٢ / ٢٣٥، ومسلم في الجنائز، باب التشديد في النياحة برقم: (٩٣٤) : ٢ / ٦٤٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤٣٧. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجنائز، باب: ليس منا من ضرب الخدود: ٣ / ١٦٦، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب تحريم ضرب الخدود برقم: (١٠٣) : ١ / ٩٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤٣٦. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الأحكام، باب في بيعة النساء: ١٣ / ٢٠٣، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب كيفية بيعة النساء برقم: (١٨٦٦) : ٣ / ١٤٨٩، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٦ / ٧.