Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/96)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr said: This was revealed concerning Asma, daughter of Abu Bakr. Her mother, Qutaylah, daughter of Abd al-Uzza, came to her in Medina bearing gifts of lizards, dried yogurt, and ghee, while she was still a polytheist. Asma said, “I will neither accept a gift from you nor allow you to enter my house until I ask the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” She therefore asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and Allah revealed this verse. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then instructed her to admit her into her home, accept her gift, honour her, and treat her kindly. (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Qutaybah related to us; Hatim related to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Asma, daughter of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: “My mother came to me while she was a polytheist, during the period of Quraysh’s truce, when they had made their treaty with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and while its term remained in force, accompanied by her father. I asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, for a legal ruling and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, my mother has come to me seeking my support. Should I maintain ties with her?’ He said, ‘Maintain ties with her.’” (2)

It was narrated from Ibn Uyaynah that he said: Allah then revealed concerning her: “Allah does not forbid you from showing kindness to those who have neither fought you because of your religion...” He then mentioned those with whom He prohibited maintaining ties, saying:

“Allah only forbids you from taking as allies those who have fought you because of your religion, driven you from your homes, and aided in your expulsion.”

“Allah only forbids you from taking as allies those who have fought you because of your religion, driven you from your homes, and aided in your expulsion. Whoever takes them as allies, then it is they who are the wrongdoers.” (9)

“Allah only forbids you from taking as allies those who have fought you because of your religion, driven you from your homes, and aided in your expulsion”—and they are the polytheists of Mecca—“whoever takes them as allies, then it is they who are the wrongdoers.”

“O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. Allah knows best concerning their faith. If you know them to be believers, then do not send them back to the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them. But give them what they have spent. There is no blame upon you if you marry them once you have given them their bridal dues. Do not retain marital ties with disbelieving women. Ask for what you have spent, and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgement of Allah; He judges between you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” (10)

His words, Exalted is He: “O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them...” to the end of the verse.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Yahya ibn Bukayr related to us; al-Layth related to us, from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Urwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Marwan and al-Miswar ibn Makhramah relating from the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. They said: When Suhayl ibn Amr drew up the treaty that day, among the conditions Suhayl ibn Amr stipulated to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was that no one from among us would come to you—even if

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 28/66; Imam Ahmad, 4/4; and al-Hakim, 2/485-486, who graded it authentic, with al-Dhahabi concurring. Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawaid, 7/123: “It was reported by Ahmad and al-Bazzar. Its chain includes Musab ibn Thabit, whom Ibn Hibban declared trustworthy, although a group of scholars deemed him weak; the rest of its narrators are narrators of the Sahih.” (2) Reported by al-Bukhari, Book of Gifts, chapter: “Giving gifts to polytheists,” 5/233; and Muslim, Book of Zakah, chapter: “The merit of spending and giving charity to relatives, one’s husband, children, and parents, even if they are polytheists,” no. 1003, 2/696.

وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أُمَّهَا قُتَيْلَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى قَدِمَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْمَدِينَةَ بِهَدَايَا، ضِبَابًا وَأَقِطًا وَسَمْنًا، وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ: لَا أَقْبَلُ مِنْكِ هَدِيَّةً وَلَا تَدْخُلِي عَلَيَّ بَيْتِي حَتَّى أَسْتَأْذِنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَأَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُدْخِلَهَا مَنْزِلَهَا وَتَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّتَهَا وَتُكْرِمَهَا وَتُحْسُنَ إِلَيْهَا (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمٌ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵄ قَالَتْ: قَدِمَتْ عَلَيَّ أُمِّي وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ فِي عَهْدِ قُرَيْشٍ إِذْ عَاهَدُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمُدَّتِهِمْ مَعَ أَبِيهَا فَاسْتَفْتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي قَدِمَتْ عَلَيَّ وَهِيَ رَاغِبَةٌ أَفَأَصِلُهَا؟ قَالَ: صِلِيهَا (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا "لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الَّذِينَ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ صِلَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِكُمْ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (٩) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِكُمْ﴾ وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُو مَكَّةَ ﴿أَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَآتُوهُمْ مَا أَنْفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (١٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ عُقَيلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَرْوَانَ وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ يُخْبِرَانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَا لَمَّا كَاتَبَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يَوْمئَذٍ، كَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيكَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ -وَإِنْ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٨ / ٦٦، والإمام أحمد: ٤ / ٤، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٨٥-٤٨٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٢٣ "رواه أحمد والبزاز وفيه مصعب بن ثابت، وثقه ابن حبان، وضعفه جماعة، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الهبة، باب الهدية للمشركين: ٥ / ٢٣٣، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب فضل النفقة والصدقة على الأقربين والزوج والأولاد والوالدين ولو كانوا مشركين، برقم: (١٠٠٣) : ٢ / ٦٩٦.