Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/89)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Mumtahanah—Medinan (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, showing them affection when they have disbelieved in the truth that has come to you, expelling the Messenger and yourselves merely because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you have gone forth striving in My cause and seeking My pleasure, do not secretly extend affection to them. I know best what you conceal and what you disclose. Whoever among you does so has certainly strayed from the straight path.” (1)

“O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies…” The verse.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Na'imi related to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa'id related to us; Sufyan related to us, from Amr ibn Dinar; al-Hasan ibn Muhammad informed me that he heard Abd Allah ibn Abi Rafi' say: I heard Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, say:

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me, al-Zubayr, and al-Miqdad, saying: “Set out until you reach the meadow of Khakh, for there you will find a woman traveller carrying a letter. Take it from her.”

He said: So we set out, our horses racing us along, until we reached the meadow, where we found the woman. We said, “Produce the letter.” She replied, “I have no letter.” We said, “You must produce the letter, or else remove your clothes.” So she brought it out from her hair-braid, and we brought it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. It was a letter from Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah to some polytheists in Mecca, informing them of part of the Messenger of Allah’s plans.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “O Hatib, what is this?” He replied, “O Messenger of Allah, do not be hasty in judging me. I was a man affiliated with Quraysh”—that is, “I was their ally, but not one of their own clan”—“whereas those Emigrants who are with you had relatives…”

(1) Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: Surat al-Mumtahanah was revealed in Madinah. Ibn Mardawayh also narrated the same from Ibn al-Zubayr. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:124.

سُورَةُ الْمُمْتَحِنَةِ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُمْ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْهُ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ (١) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّا ﵁ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَا وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَالْمِقْدَادُ فَقَالَ: "انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا (رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ) فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ فَخُذُوهُ مِنْهَا" قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقْنَا تَتَعَادَى بِنَا خَيْلُنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الرَّوْضَةَ فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِالظَّعِينَةِ، فَقُلْنَا: أَخْرِجِي الْكِتَابَ فَقَالَتْ: مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ، فَقُلْنَا: لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لَتُلْقِيِنَّ الثِّيَابَ، قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ مِنْ عِقَاصِهَا فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى نَاسٍ بِمَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُخْبِرُهُمْ بِبَعْضِ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا حَاطِبُ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيَّ إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً مُلْصَقًا فِي قُرَيْشٍ -يَقُولُ كُنْتُ حَلِيفًا وَلَمْ أَكُنْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهَا-وَكَانَ مَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَهُمْ قَرَابَاتٌ

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس والنحاس وابن مردويه والبهقي عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت سورة الممتحنة بالمدينة. وأخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير مثله. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ١٢٤.