Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/88)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“The Supreme” is He who is exalted above every evil. It was also said: the One too great for anything that does not befit Him. The root of kibr and kibriyāʾ is inaccessibility. It was also said: the Possessor of Majesty, namely, the Sovereign. “Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him.”

“He is Allah—the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner. To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.” (24)

“He is Allah—the Creator”: the One who determines and directs things, through His governance, from one state to another, as He says: “He creates you in the wombs of your mothers, stage after stage of creation” (al-Zumar, 6). “The Originator”: the One who brings created entities forth from nonexistence into existence. “The Fashioner”: the One who gives created beings their distinguishing forms, by which they differ from one another. One says, “This is the form of the matter,” meaning its likeness. Thus, there is first creation, then origination, then fashioning. “To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.”

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; Ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Ibn Shaybah related to us; Ibn Wahb related to us; Ahmad ibn Abi Shurayh and Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi both said: Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri informed us; Khalid ibn Tahman related to us; Nafi‘ ibn Abi Nafi‘ related to me, from Ma‘qil ibn Yasar, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever, upon entering the morning, says three times, ‘I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from Satan, the accursed,’ and recites the last three verses of Surah al-Hashr, Allah appoints seventy thousand angels for him, invoking blessings upon him until evening. If he dies that day, he dies a martyr. Whoever says this upon entering the evening has the same rank.” (1)

Abu ‘Isa also narrated it from Mahmud ibn Ghaylan, from Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri, with this chain of transmission, and said: “This is a singular hadith; we know it only through this route.” (2)

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Fada'il al-Quran, 8:239-240, who said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith; we know it only through this route.” Also reported by al-Darimi in Fada'il al-Quran, 2:458, and by Imam Ahmad, 5:26. Its chain includes Khalid ibn Tahman, who became confused in his narration ten years before his death. See also: Da'if al-Jami', no. 5732. (2) See the preceding reference in al-Tirmidhi.

﴿الْمُتَكَبِّرُ﴾ الَّذِي تَكَبَّرَ عَنْ كُلِّ سُوءٍ. وَقِيلَ: الْمُتَعَظِّمُ عَمًّا لَا يَلِيقُ بِهِ. وَأَصْلُ الْكِبْرِ، وَالْكِبْرِيَاءِ: الِامْتِنَاعُ. وَقِيلَ: ذُو الْكِبْرِيَاءِ، وَهُوَ الْمَلِكُ ﴿سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ . ﴿هُوَ اللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (٢٤) ﴾ ﴿هُوَ اللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ﴾ الْمُقَدِّرُ وَالْمُقَلِّبُ لِلشَّيْءِ بِالتَّدْبِيرِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ: "يَخْلُقُكُمْ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ خَلْقًا مِنْ بَعْدِ خَلْقٍ" (الزُّمَرِ -٦) ﴿الْبَارِئُ﴾ الْمُنْشِئُ لِلْأَعْيَانِ مِنَ الْعَدَمِ إِلَى الْوُجُودِ ﴿الْمُصَوِّرُ﴾ الْمُمَثِّلُ لِلْمَخْلُوقَاتِ بِالْعَلَامَاتِ الَّتِي يَتَمَيَّزُ بَعْضُهَا عَنْ بَعْضٍ. يُقَالُ: هَذِهِ صُورَةُ الْأَمْرِ أَيْ مِثَالُهُ، فَأَوَّلًا يَكُونُ خَلْقًا ثُمَّ بَرْءًا ثُمَّ تَصْوِيرًا. ﴿لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيِّ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي نَافِعٍ عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ -ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ -أَعَوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، وَقَرَأَ الثَّلَاثَ الْآيَاتِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا، وَمَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُمْسِي كَانَ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ" (١) . وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عِيسَى عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ (٢)

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في فضائل القرآن: ٨ / ٢٣٩ - ٢٤٠ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه". والدرامي في فضائل القرآن: ٢ / ٤٥٨، والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٢٦. وفيه خالد بن طهمان كان قد اختلط قبل موته بعشر سنين. وانظر: ضعيف الجامع: (٥٧٣٢) . (٢) انظر: الموضع السابق عند الترمذي.