Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/80)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Masruq, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: “You were commanded to seek forgiveness for the Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, yet you reviled them. I heard your Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: ‘This community will not pass away until its latter generations curse its first generations.’” (1)

Malik ibn Mighwal said: ‘Amir ibn Sharahil al-Sha‘bi said: “O Malik, the Jews and the Christians surpass the Rafidites in one respect.” (2) The Jews were asked, “Who are the best people of your religious community?” They replied, “The Companions of Moses, peace be upon him.” The Christians were asked, “Who are the best people of your religious community?” They replied, “The disciples of Jesus, peace be upon him.” The Rafidites were asked, “Who are the worst people of your religious community?” They replied, “The Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” They were commanded to seek forgiveness for them, but they reviled them. Thus, the sword remains unsheathed against them until the Day of Resurrection: no banner will be raised for them, no footing will stand firm for them, and their ranks will never unite. Whenever they kindle a fire of war, Allah extinguishes it by the shedding of their blood, the dispersal of their ranks, and the refutation of their arguments. May Allah protect us and you from misguiding desires.” (3)

Malik ibn Anas said: “Whoever hates any one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or harbors malice against them in his heart, has no share in the Muslims’ fay’—public revenues gained without battle.” He then recited: “What Allah has bestowed upon His Messenger from the people of the towns,” until he reached this verse: “For the poor Emigrants ... those who settled in the city and embraced the faith ... and those who came after them,” up to His words: “Most Kind, Most Merciful.”

Allah’s words, exalted is He: “Have you not considered those who hypocritically say”—that is, who outwardly professed the opposite of what they concealed, referring to ‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul and his companions—“to their brothers among the People of the Scripture who disbelieve,” namely the Jews of Banu Qurayzah and al-Nadir. He calls the hypocrites their brothers in religion because they were unbelievers like them. “If you are expelled” from Medina, “we will surely leave with you, and we will never obey anyone against you”—that is, anyone who asks us to abandon you or oppose you—“and if you are fought, we will surely support you. But Allah bears witness that they”—meaning the hypocrites—“are indeed liars.”

(1) Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated it in al-Musannaf, 15:125. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 10:21: “Al-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat, and its chain includes Ismail ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhajir, who is weak.” It is further supported by what Muslim narrated in his section on Quranic exegesis from Urwah, who said: Aishah said to me, “O son of my sister, they were commanded to seek forgiveness for the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, but instead they reviled them.” Ibn Kathir also cited it from al-Baghawi, 4:340. (2) Manuscript A reads: bi-fadlah (“with its surplus”). (3) Al-Lalakai narrated it in Sharh Usul Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah, 8:1461-1462. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah mentioned it in Minhaj al-Sunnah, 1:23-26, from Ibn Shahin’s book al-Latif min al-Sunnah, from Khushaysh ibn Asram’s book, and through him from Abu Amr al-Talamanki’s book al-Usul. He said: “This report has been transmitted from Abd al-Rahman ibn Malik ibn Mighwal through numerous routes, some of which corroborate one another and some of which contain additional material. However, Abd al-Rahman ibn Malik is weak. Al-Shabi’s condemnation of them—the Rafidah—is established through other chains.”

عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: أُمِرْتُمْ بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لِأَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَسَبَبْتُمُوهُمْ سَمِعْتُ نَبِيَّكُمْ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "لَا تَذْهَبُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ حَتَّى يَلْعَنَ آخِرُهَا أَوَّلَهَا" (١) . وَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ: قَالَ عَامِرُ بْنُ شَرَاحِيلَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: يَا مَالِكُ تَفَاضَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى عَلَى الرَّافِضَةِ [بِخَصْلَةٍ] (٢) سُئِلَتِ الْيَهُودُ: مَنْ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِكُمْ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَصْحَابُ مُوسَى ﵇. وَسُئِلَتِ النَّصَارَى: مَنْ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا: حَوَارِيُّ عِيسَى ﵇. وَسُئِلَتِ الرَّافِضَةُ: مَنْ شَرُّ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ أُمِرُوا بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُمْ فَسَبُّوهُمْ، فَالسَّيْفُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَسْلُولٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، لَا تَقُومُ لَهُمْ رَايَةٌ وَلَا يَثْبُتُ لَهُمْ قَدَمٌ، وَلَا تَجْتَمِعُ لَهُمْ كَلِمَةٌ، كُلَّمَا أَوْقَدُوا نَارًا لِلْحَرْبِ أَطْفَأَهَا اللَّهُ بِسَفْكِ دِمَائِهِمْ وَتَفْرِيقِ شَمْلِهِمْ وَإِدْحَاضِ حُجَّتِهِمْ، أَعَاذَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ مِنَ الْأَهْوَاءِ الْمُضِلَّةِ (٣) . قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: مَنْ يُبْغِضُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ غِلٌّ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ حَقٌّ فِي فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ تَلَا "مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى" حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: "لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ... وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ ... وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ" إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ". قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا﴾ أَيْ أَظْهَرُوا خِلَافَ مَا أَضْمَرُوا: يَعْنِي: عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ ابْنَ سَلُولَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ﴿يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ الْيَهُودِ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ، جَعْلَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِخْوَانَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كُفَّارٌ مِثْلَهُمْ. ﴿لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ﴾ الْمَدِينَةِ ﴿لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا﴾ يَسْأَلُنَا خِذْلَانَكُمْ وَخِلَافَكُمْ ﴿أَبَدًا وَإِنْ قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ ﴿لَكَاذِبُونَ﴾

(١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في المصنف: ١٥ / ١٢٥. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ٢١ رواه الطبراني في الأوسط، وفيه إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن مهاجر وهو ضعيف. ويشهد له ما أخرجه مسلم في التفسير عن عروة قال: قالت لي عائشة: يا ابن أختي! أمروا أن يستغفروا لأصحاب النبي ﷺ فسبوهم. ونقله ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٤٠ عن البغوي. (٢) في "أ" بفضلة. (٣) أخرجه اللالكائي في شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة: ٨ / ١٤٦١ - ١٤٦٢ وذكره شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية في منهاج السنة: ١ / ٢٣ - ٢٦ عن ابن شاهين في كتاب: "اللطيف من السنة" وخشيش بن أصرم في كتابه، ومن طريقه أبو عمرو الطلمنكي في كتابه "الأصول". وقال: فهذا الأثر قد روي عن عبد الرحمن بن مالك بن مغول من وجوه متعددة يصدق بعضها بعضا، وبعضها يزيد على بعض، لكن عبد الرحمن بن مالك ضعيف، وذم الشعبي لهم - الرافضة - ثابت من طرق أخرى.