Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/77)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He said, “Prepare your food, put out your lamp, and put your children to sleep when they ask for supper.” So she prepared her food, put out her lamp, and put her children to sleep. Then she got up as though to adjust her lamp, and extinguished it. The two of them made him think that they were eating, while they themselves spent the night hungry. When morning came, he went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, who said, “Allah laughed this night—or marveled—at what you two did.” Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in need. Whoever is protected from the greed of his own soul—it is they who are the successful.” (1)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; al-Hakam ibn Nafi‘ narrated to us; Shu‘ayb informed us; Abu al-Zinad narrated to us, from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Ansar said, “Divide the palm trees between us and our brethren.” He said, “No.” They then said, “You spare us the labor, and we will share the fruit with you.” They replied, “We hear and obey.” (2)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Sa‘id, who heard Anas ibn Malik say, when he accompanied him to al-Walid: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, called the Ansar in order to grant them al-Bahrayn. They said, “Not unless you grant our emigrant brethren the like of it.” He said, “Then be patient until you meet me at the Reservoir, for after me you will face preferential treatment.” (3)

It is also related from Ibn ‘Abbas that he said: On the day of al-Nadir, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to the Ansar, “If you wish, you may share your wealth and homes with the Emigrants, and share this booty with them; or, if you wish, your homes and wealth may remain yours, but none of this booty will be apportioned to you.” The Ansar said, “Rather, we shall share our wealth and homes with them, and give them preference regarding the booty, without sharing it with them.” Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in need. Whoever is protected from the greed of his own soul—it is they who are the successful.” (4)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Manaqib al-Ansar, chapter on Allah's saying: “They give preference to others over themselves, even though they are in need,” 7:119; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Ashriba, chapter on honoring the guest and the virtue of giving him preference, no. 2054, 3:1624. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Shurut, chapter on conditions in transactions, 5:322. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Musaqat, chapter on land grants, 5:47; and in Kitab al-Jizya wa al-Muwadaa, chapter: “What the Prophet, peace be upon him, granted in Bahrain ...,” 6:268. (4) See al-Qurtubi, 18:25.

فَقَالَ: هَيِّئِي طَعَامَكِ وَأَصْبِحِي سِرَاجَكِ وَنَوْمِي صبيانك، إذا أرداوا عَشَاءً، فَهَيَّأَتْ طَعَامَهَا وَأَصْبَحَتْ سِرَاجَهَا وَنَوَّمَتْ صِبْيَانَهَا ثُمَّ قَامَتْ كَأَنَّهَا تُصْلِحُ سِرَاجَهَا فَأَطْفَأَتْهُ، فَجَعَلَا يُرِيَانِهِ أَنَّهُمَا يَأْكُلَانِ فَبَاتَا طَاوِيَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: ضَحِكَ اللَّهُ اللَّيْلَةَ أَوْ عَجِبَ مِنْ فِعَالِكُمَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ، وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: اقْسِمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ إِخْوَانِنَا النَّخِيلَ، قَالَ: لَا فَقَالُوا: تَكْفُونَا الْمُؤْنَةَ وَنُشْرِكُكُمْ فِي الثَّمَرَةِ، قَالُوا: سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ حِينَ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: دَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْأَنْصَارَ إِلَى أَنْ يُقْطِعَ لَهُمُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَقَالُوا: لَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُقْطِعَ لِإِخْوَانِنَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ: أَلَا فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ، فَإِنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُكُمْ أَثَرَةٌ بَعْدِي" (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّضِيرِ لِلْأَنْصَارِ: "إِنْ شِئْتُمْ قَسَمْتُمْ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَدِيَارِكُمْ وَتُشَارِكُونَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ دِيَارُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَمْ يُقَسَمْ لَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ" فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: بَلْ نَقْسِمُ لَهُمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا وَدِيَارِنَا وَنُؤْثِرُهُمْ بِالْغَنِيمَةِ وَلَا نُشَارِكُهُمْ فِيهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في مناقب الأنصار، باب قول الله ﷿: (ويؤثرون على أنفسهم ولو كان بهم خصاصة) : ٧ / ١١٩، ومسلم في الأشربة، باب إكرام الضيف وفضل إيثاره برقم: (٢٠٥٤) : ٣ / ١٦٢٤. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الشروط، باب الشروط في المعاملة: ٥ / ٣٢٢. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المساقاة، باب القطائع: ٥ / ٤٧ وفي الجزية والموادعة باب: ما أقطع النبي ﷺ في البحرين ... ٦ / ٢٦٨. (٤) انظر: القرطبي: ١٨ / ٢٥.