Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/68)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Amr ibn Umayyah al-Damri on his return from Bi’r Ma‘unah. They intended to drop a stone upon him from the top of the fortress, but Allah protected him and informed him of it—as we mentioned in Surah al-Ma’idah. (1)

When Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf was killed, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arose in the morning and ordered the people to march against Banu al-Nadir, who were in a settlement called Zahrah. When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, approached them, he found them mourning Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf. They said, “O Muhammad, mourning upon mourning, and weeping upon weeping?” He replied, “Yes.” They said, “Allow us to grieve over our sorrow, then decide what you intend to do.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Leave Madinah.” They replied, “Death is nearer to us than that.”

They called one another to war and announced their readiness to fight. The hypocrites—‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayy and his companions—secretly sent them word: “Do not leave the fortress. If they fight you, we are with you and will not abandon you; we shall surely support you. And if you are expelled, we shall certainly leave with you.” So they barricaded and fortified the streets.

They then unanimously resolved to betray the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. They sent word to him: “Come out with thirty of your Companions, and thirty of our men will come out, so that we may meet at a place between us and you. They will listen to you; and if they affirm you and believe in you, all of us will believe.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came out with thirty of his Companions, and thirty Jewish rabbis came out to meet him. When they reached an open area of land, some of the Jews said to the others, “How can you get at him when he has thirty of his Companions with him, every one of whom would prefer to die before him?”

They therefore sent him word: “How can we come to an understanding when we are sixty men? Come out with three of your Companions, and we shall come out to you with three of our scholars. They will listen to you; and if they believe in you, all of us will believe in you and affirm you.” So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came out with three of his Companions, and three Jews came out, concealing daggers beneath their garments. ⦗157b⦘ They intended to assassinate the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.

But a well-wishing woman from Banu al-Nadir sent word to her brother, who was a Muslim man from the Ansar, informing him of Banu al-Nadir’s intended treachery against the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Her brother hastened until he caught up with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and privately informed him of their plot before the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, reached them. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, turned back.

The following morning, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, marched against them with the troops and besieged them for twenty-one nights. Allah cast terror into their hearts, and they despaired of support from the hypocrites. They asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, for a settlement, but he refused except on the condition that they leave Madinah in accordance with the terms set by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. They accepted this, and he made peace with them on the condition that they depart, taking whatever of their possessions their camels could carry, except for weapons, and that they leave behind for him their homes, landed property, and all their remaining wealth. (2)

Ibn ‘Abbas said: On the condition that the people of every three households should load onto one camel whatever belongings they wished, while whatever remained would belong to the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.

(1) See above, 3:28. (2) Part of it was reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Kharaj wa al-Imarah (Land Tax and Governance), chapter on the account of Banu al-Nadir, 4:234-235. It was reported in full by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 5:359-360. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:93, to Abd ibn Humayd and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il. See also Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 4:331-332.

عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ فِي مُنْصَرَفِهِ مِنْ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، فَهَمُّوا بِطَرْحِ حَجَرٍ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْحِصْنِ فَعَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ -ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ (١) . فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ كَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَكَانُوا بِقَرْيَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا زَهْرَةُ فَلَمَّا سَارَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَجَدَهُمْ يَنُوحُونَ عَلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى إِثْرِ وَاعِيَةٍ وَبَاكِيَةٌ عَلَى إِثْرِ بَاكِيَةٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالُوا: ذَرْنَا نَبْكِي شَجْوَنَا ثُمَّ ائْتَمِرْ أَمْرَكَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالُوا: الْمَوْتُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَتَنَادَوْا بِالْحَرْبِ وَآذَنُوا بِالْقِتَالِ وَدَسَّ الْمُنَافِقُونَ -عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ وَأَصْحَابُهُ -إِلَيْهِمْ: أَنْ لَا تَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْحِصْنِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَنَحْنُ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نَخْذُلُكُمْ وَلَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ. فَدَرِّبُوا عَلَى الْأَزِقَّةِ وَحَصِّنُوهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى الْغَدْرِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ: أَنِ اخْرُجْ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ وَلْيَخْرُجْ مِنَّا ثَلَاثُونَ حَتَّى نَلْتَقِيَ بِمَكَانٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ فَيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنْكَ فَإِنْ صَدَّقُوكَ وَآمَنُوا بِكَ آمَنَّا كُلُّنَا فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُونَ حَبْرًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا فِي بَرَازٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ قَالَ بَعْضُ الْيَهُودِ لِبَعْضٍ: كَيْفَ تَخْلُصُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ كُلُّهُمْ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَمُوتَ قَبْلَهُ؟ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ: كَيْفَ نَفْهَمُ وَنَحْنُ سِتُّونَ رَجُلًا؟ اخْرُجْ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ وَنَخْرُجُ إِلَيْكَ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا فَيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنْكَ فَإِنْ آمَنُوا بِكَ آمَنَّا كُلُّنَا بِكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَخَرَجَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ اليهود واشتملوا ١٥٧/ب عَلَى الْخَنَاجِرِ وَأَرَادُوا الْفَتْكَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ نَاصِحَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ إِلَى أَخِيهَا وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ بِمَا أَرَادَ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنَ الْغَدْرِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَقْبَلَ أَخُوهَا سَرِيعًا حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَارَّهُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ فَرَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَحَاصَرَهُمْ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً فَقَذَفَ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ وَأَيِسُوا مِنْ نَصْرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصُّلْحَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى مَا يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَبِلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَصَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ وَعَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا أَقَلَّتِ الْإِبِلُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَّا الْحَلْقَةَ وَهِيَ السِّلَاحُ، وَعَلَى أَنْ يُخْلُوا لَهُمْ دِيَارَهَمْ وَعَقَارَهُمْ وَسَائِرَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ (٢) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: عَلَى أَنْ يَحْمِلَ كُلُّ أَهْلِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَبْيَاتٍ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ مَا شَاءُوا مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ، وَلِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا بَقِيَ.

(١) انظر: فيما سبق: ٣ / ٢٨. (٢) أخرج بعضه أبو داود في الخراج والإمارة، باب في خبر النضير: ٤ / ٢٣٤ - ٢٣٥. وأخرجه مطولا عبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٥ / ٣٥٩ - ٣٦٠، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر: ٨ / ٩٣ أيضا لعبد بن حميد والبيهقي في الدلائل وانظر: تفسير ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٣١ - ٣٣٢.