Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/58)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm related to us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Sufyan ibn Uyaynah informed us, from Ubayd Allah ibn Umar, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “None of you should make a man rise from his seat and then sit in it himself. Rather, make room and spread out.” (1)

Abd al-Wahhab ibn al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Abd al-Majid informed us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Sulayman ibn Musa said, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “None of you should make his brother rise on Friday ⦗156/b⦘; rather, he should say, ‘Make room.’” (2)

Abu al-Aliyah, al-Qurazi, and al-Hasan said: This concerns military gatherings and positions in battle. A man would come to a group standing in the ranks and say, “Make room,” but they would refuse, out of their eagerness for battle and their desire for martyrdom. (3)

“And when you are told, ‘Rise,’ then rise.” The people of Madinah and Syria, along with Asim, recited both occurrences with the letter shin vowelled with u; the others recited both with i. Both are valid dialectal forms. That is, rise up. It was said: Rise from your places so that you may make room for your brothers.

Ikrimah and al-Dahhak said: Some men were slow to come to the prayer when they were called to it, so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. Its meaning is: When the call is made for prayer, rise up for it. (4)

Mujahid and most commentators said: Its meaning is: When you are told to rise for prayer, for jihad, or for every gathering of goodness and truth, then rise for it and do not fall short. (5)

“Allah will raise in rank those of you who believe”: through their obedience to His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, their rising from their places, and their making room for their brothers. “And those who have been given knowledge,” among the believers, by virtue of the excellence of their knowledge and their precedence, “in degrees.” Thus Allah, glorified and exalted is He, made known that His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, was right in what he commanded; that those believers would be rewarded for obeying what they were commanded; and that the group from among the people of Badr deserved the honor with which they were treated.

“And Allah is fully aware of what you do.” Al-Hasan said: Ibn Masud recited this verse and said: “O people, understand this verse. I shall surely urge you to seek knowledge, for Allah, exalted is He, says: ‘Allah will raise in rank those of you who believe and those who have been given knowledge’

(1) Recorded by al-Shafi'i in al-Musnad, 2:186; by al-Bukhari in The Book of Seeking Permission, chapter: “When you are told, ‘Make room in gatherings,’ then make room,” 11:62; by Muslim in The Book of Greetings, chapter: “The prohibition of making a person rise from a lawful place which he reached first,” no. 2177, 4:1714; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:297. (2) Recorded by al-Shafi'i in al-Musnad, 2:187; and by Muslim in the preceding location, no. 2178, 4:1715. (3) See al-Tabari, 28:17. (4) See al-Tabari, 28:18. (5) See al-Tabari, 28:18.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يُقِيمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ ثُمَّ يَخْلُفُهُ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنْ تَفَسَّحُوا وَتَوَسَّعُوا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ الْخَطِيبِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَا يُقِيمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ يوم الجمعة ١٥٦/ب وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلِ افْسَحُوا" (٢) وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ، وَالْقُرَظِيُّ وَالْحَسَنُ: هَذَا فِي مَجَالِسِ الْحَرْبِ وَمَقَاعِدِ الْقِتَالِ، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي الْقَوْمَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَيَقُولُ تَوَسَّعُوا فَيَأْبَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ لِحِرْصِهِمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ وَرَغْبَتِهِمْ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ (٣) ﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ انْشُزُوا فَانْشُزُوا﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ وَعَاصِمٌ بِضَمِّ الشِّينِ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِكَسْرِهِمَا وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ أَيِ ارْتَفِعُوا قِيلَ: ارْتَفِعُوا عَنْ مَوَاضِعِكُمْ حَتَّى تُوَسِّعُوا لِإِخْوَانِكُمْ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: كَانَ رِجَالٌ يَتَثَاقَلُونَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ إِذَا نُودِيَ لَهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مَعْنَاهُ: إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ فَانْهَضُوا لَهَا (٤) وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَأَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: مَعْنَاهُ: إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انْهَضُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَإِلَى الْجِهَادِ وَإِلَى مَجَالِسِ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ وَحَقٍّ فَقُومُوا لَهَا وَلَا تُقَصِّرُوا (٥) . ﴿يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ﴾ بِطَاعَتِهِمْ لِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَقِيَامِهِمْ مِنْ مَجَالِسِهِمْ وَتَوْسِعَتِهِمْ لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ﴾ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِفَضْلِ عِلْمِهِمْ وَسَابِقَتِهِمْ "دَرَجَاتٍ" فَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ مُصِيبٌ فِيمَا أَمَرَ وَأَنَّ أُولَئِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُثَابُونَ فِيمَا ائْتَمَرُوا وَأَنَّ النَّفَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ مُسْتَحِقُّونَ لِمَا عُومِلُوا مِنَ الْإِكْرَامِ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: قَرَأَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ افْهَمُوا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَلَنُرَغِّبَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعِلْمِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: "يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ

(١) أخرجه الشافعي في المسند: ٢ / ١٨٦، والبخاري في الاستئذان، باب (إذا قيل لكم تفسحوا في المجالس فافسحوا) : ١١ / ٦٢، ومسلم في السلام، باب تحريم إقامة الإنسان من موضعه المباح الذي سبق إليه، برقم (٢١٧٧) : ٤ / ١٧١٤والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٩٧. (٢) أخرجه الشافعي في المسند: ٢ / ١٨٧، ومسلم في الموضع السابق برقم (٢١٧٨) : ٤ / ١٧١٥. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٧. (٤) انظر: الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٨. (٥) انظر الطبري: ٢٨ / ١٨.