Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/56)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Mulayḥī informed us; Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymī informed us; Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf informed us; Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl narrated to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa‘īd narrated to us; ‘Abd al-Wahhāb narrated to us; Abū Ayyūb narrated to us from Ibn Abī Mulaykah, from ‘Ā’ishah: “The Jews came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, ‘Death be upon you.’ He replied, ‘And upon you.’ ‘Ā’ishah then said, ‘Death be upon you, and may Allah curse you and be angry with you!’ The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Take it gently, O ‘Ā’ishah. You must be gentle, and beware of harshness and indecency.’ She said, ‘Did you not hear what they said?’ He said, ‘Did you not hear what I said? I replied to them; my supplication against them will be answered, whereas theirs against me will not be answered.’” (1)

“O you who believe, when you confer privately, do not confer concerning sin, transgression, and disobedience to the Messenger; rather, confer concerning righteousness and piety. And fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered. Private conversation is only from Satan, so that he may grieve those who believe; yet it cannot harm them in any way except by Allah’s permission. And let the believers put their trust in Allah.”

Then Allah, exalted is He, forbade the believers to confer privately among themselves in the manner of the hypocrites and the Jews. He said: “O you who believe, when you confer privately, do not confer concerning sin, transgression, and disobedience to the Messenger”—that is, as the hypocrites and Jews do.

Muqātil said that by His saying, “those who believe,” He meant the hypocrites: those who professed faith with their tongues. ‘Aṭā’ said: He meant those who claim to believe. He said to them: “Do not confer concerning sin, transgression, and disobedience to the Messenger; rather, confer concerning righteousness and piety. And fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered.”

“Private conversation is only from Satan,” that is, from Satan’s enticement. “So that he may grieve those who believe,” meaning: he only makes this seem appealing to them in order to grieve the believers. “Yet it cannot harm them in any way”—that is, such private consultation cannot harm them in any way. It was also said: Satan cannot harm them in any way—“except by Allah’s permission. And let the believers put their trust in Allah.”

Abū Sa‘īd ‘Abd Allah ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭāhirī informed us; my grandfather, Abū Sahl ‘Abd al-Ṣamad ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Bazzār, informed us; Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyā al-‘Udhāfirī informed us; Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Dabarī informed us; ‘Abd al-Razzāq narrated to us; Ma‘mar informed us, from Ayyūb, from Nāfi‘, from Ibn ‘Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Supplications, in the chapter “The Prophet’s saying: Our supplication against the Jews will be answered, whereas theirs against us will not be answered,” 11:199–200; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:270–271.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: "أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَالُوا: السَّامُ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ: وَعَلَيْكُمْ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: السَّامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَعَنَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَهْلًا يَا عَائِشَةُ عَلَيْكِ بِالرِّفْقِ وَإِيَّاكِ وَالْعُنْفَ وَالْفُحْشَ، قَالَتْ: أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ مَا قَالُوا؟ قَالَ: أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعِي مَا قُلْتُ؟ رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيُسْتَجَابُ لِي فِيهِمْ وَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ فِيَّ" (١) . ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (٩) إِنَّمَا النَّجْوَى مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَيْسَ بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١٠) ﴾ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى: نَهَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يَتَنَاجَوْا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ كَفِعْلِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ﴾ أَيْ كَفِعْلِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْيَهُودِ وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: "آمَنُوا" الْمُنَافِقِينَ أَيْ آمَنُوا بِلِسَانِهِمْ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِزَعْمِهِمْ قَالَ لَهُمْ: لَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ ﴿وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّجْوَى مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ تَزْيِينِ الشَّيْطَانِ ﴿لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ أَيْ إِنَّمَا يُزَيِّنُ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ لِيُحْزِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿وَلَيْسَ﴾ التَّنَاجِي ﴿بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْئًا﴾ وَقِيلَ: لَيْسَ الشَّيْطَانُ بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْئًا ﴿إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّاهِرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي أَبُو سَهْلٍ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَزَّارُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْعُذَافِرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّبَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الدعوات، باب قول النبي ﷺ: يستجاب لنا في اليهود، ولا يستجاب لهم فينا: ١١ / ١٩٩ - ٢٠٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٧٠ - ٢٧١.