Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/54)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“No, by Him Who sent you with the truth, I possess nothing besides it.” He said, “Then fast for two consecutive months.” I said, “Messenger of Allah, was not what befell me caused only by fasting?” He said, “Then feed sixty poor persons.” I said, “By Him Who sent you with the truth, we spent this very night [hungry] (1), with no supper.” He said, “Go to the keeper of the charity of Banu Zurayq and tell him to hand it over to you. Feed sixty poor persons on your own behalf from it with one wasq, then use what remains to support yourself and your family.”

He said: “I returned to my people and said, ‘I found narrowness and poor judgment among you, but I found abundance and blessing with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He has assigned me your charity, so hand it over to me.’” He said: So they handed it over to him. (2)

“That is so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger”—that is, so that you may affirm as true what the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, brought from Allah, exalted is He. “These are the limits set by Allah,” meaning the expiations described concerning zihar. “And for the disbelievers there is a painful punishment.” Ibn ‘Abbas said: This is for whoever rejects and denies it.

“Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger will be subdued, just as those before them were subdued. And We have certainly sent down clear signs; and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment. On the Day when Allah raises them all up, He will inform them of what they did. Allah has recorded it, while they have forgotten it; and Allah is Witness over all things.” (5–6)

“Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger,” that is, who show enmity toward Allah and His Messenger, defy them, and go against their command—“will be subdued”: they will be humiliated, disgraced, and destroyed, “just as those before them were subdued. And We have certainly sent down clear signs; and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment. On the Day when Allah raises them all up, He will inform them of what they did. Allah has recorded it”—Allah has preserved a record of their deeds—“while they have forgotten it; and Allah is Witness over all things.”

(1) In manuscript B: wahshan. (2) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Talaq, the chapter on zihar, 3:137-139; al-Tirmidhi in al-Tafsir, 9:188-191, who said: “This is a hasan hadith.” Muhammad ibn Isma'il said: “In my view, Sulayman ibn Yasar did not hear from Salamah ibn Sakhr.” It was also reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 6:431; Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Talaq, the chapter on zihar, no. 2062, 1:665-666; al-Darimi, 2:163-164; al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 7:390; and Imam Ahmad, 5:436. Al-Hakim authenticated it according to Muslim’s criteria, and al-Dhahabi concurred. See also Talkhis al-Habir, 3:221. Al-Albani authenticated it in Irwa al-Ghalil, 7:176-179.

لَا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَمْلِكُ غَيْرَهَا قَالَ: فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَهَلْ أَصَابَنِي مَا أَصَابَنِي إِلَّا مِنَ الصِّيَامِ؟ قَالَ: فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا قُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ بِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ [وَحْشَيْنِ] (١) مَا لَنَا عَشَاءٌ، قَالَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَقُلْ لَهُ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ، فَأَطْعِمْ عَنْكَ مِنْهَا وَسْقًا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعِنْ بِسَائِرِهِ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى عِيَالِكَ. قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى قَوْمِي فَقُلْتُ: وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَكُمُ الضِّيقَ وَسُوءَ الرَّأْيِ وَوَجَدْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّعَةَ وَالْبَرَكَةَ، أَمَرَ لِي بِصَدَقَتِكُمْ فَادْفَعُوهَا إِلَيَّ قَالَ: فَدَفَعُوهَا إِلَيْهِ (٢) . ﴿ذَلِكَ لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ لِتُصَدِّقُوا مَا أَتَى بِهِ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿، ﴿وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي مَا وُصِفَ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَاتِ فِي الظِّهَارِ ﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لِمَنْ جَحَدَهُ وَكَذَّبَ بِهِ. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (٥) يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (٦) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ أَيْ يُعَادُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيُشَاقُّونَ وَيُخَالِفُونَ أَمْرَهُمَا ﴿كُبِتُوا﴾ أُذِلُّوا وَأُخْزُوا وَأُهْلِكُوا ﴿كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ﴾ ﴿يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ﴾ حَفِظَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ﴿وَنَسُوهُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾

(١) في "ب" وحشا. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الطلاق، باب في الظهار: ٣ / ١٣٧ - ١٣٩، والترمذي في التفسير: ٩ / ١٨٨ - ١٩١ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن. قال محمد بن إسماعيل -: سليمان بن يسار لم يسمع عندي من سلمة بن صخر". وعبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٦ / ٤٣١، وابن ماجه: في الطلاق، باب الظهار برقم: (٢٠٦٢) ١ / ٦٦٥ - ٦٦٦، والدرامي: ٢ / ١٦٣ - ١٦٤، والبيهقي في السنن: ٧ / ٣٩٠، والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٤٣٦، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٢٠٣ على شرط مسلم ووافقه الذهبي. وانظر: تلخيص الحبير: ٣ / ٢٢١، وصححه الألباني في إرواء الغليل: ٧ / ١٧٦ - ١٧٩.