Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/45)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

His saying, exalted is He: “O you who believe”—that is, in Moses and Jesus—“fear Allah and believe in His Messenger, Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. He will give you a double portion of His mercy.”

It has been narrated to us from Abu Musa that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Three people will be given their reward twice: a man who has a slave-girl, disciplines her well, then frees her and marries her; a man from among the People of the Book who believes in his Scripture and believes in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him; and a slave who worships Allah in the best manner and is sincere to his master.” (1)

“And He will make for you a light by which you may walk.” Ibn Abbas and Muqatil said: This means upon the Bridge, as He says: “Their light will proceed before them” (At-Tahrim 8). It is also narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the light is the Quran. Mujahid said: It is guidance and clarification; that is, He will make for you a clear path in the religion by which you may be guided. “And forgive you. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

It was said: When those among the People of the Book who had not believed heard His saying, exalted is He, “Those will be given their reward twice” (Al-Qasas 54), they said to the Muslims: “As for those of us who believe in your Book, they shall have their reward twice over for believing in your Book and in our Book. But those of us who do not believe shall have a reward like your rewards. So what superiority do you have over us?” Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “O you who believe, fear Allah and believe in His Messenger. He will give you a double portion of His mercy.” Thus, He granted them the two rewards if they believed in His Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and increased them in light and forgiveness. (2)

Then He said: “So that the People of the Book may know.” Qatadah said: Those among the People of the Book who had not believed envied the believers among them, so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (3): “So that the People of the Book may know.”

Mujahid said: The Jews said, “A prophet who will cut off hands and feet is soon to emerge from among us.” (4) But when he emerged from among the Arabs, they disbelieved in him. Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed (5): “So that the People of the Book may know”—that is, so that they may know; the particle “not” is supplementary—“that they have no power over anything of Allah’s bounty”; that is, so that those who did not believe may know that they have no reward and no share in

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Ilm (The Book of Knowledge), chapter: “A Man Teaching His Female Slave and His Family,” 1:190; by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (The Book of Faith), chapter: “The Obligation to Believe in the Message of Our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him,” no. 154, 1:134-135; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:53. (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:66-68, to al-Tabarani in al-Awsat. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:121: “It was narrated by al-Tabarani, and its chain includes individuals whom I do not know.” (3) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:276, and by al-Tabari, 27:246. Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:68, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (4) Omitted from manuscript A. (5) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:68, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir.

قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ بِمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ﴿اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ "يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ". وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَةٌ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَدَّبَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمَنَ بِكِتَابِهِ وَآمَنَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَعَبَدَ أَحْسَنَ عِبَادَةَ اللَّهِ وَنُصْحَ سَيِّدَهُ" (١) ﴿وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ نُورًا تَمْشُونَ بِهِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ، كَمَا قَالَ: "نُورُهُمْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ" (التَّحْرِيمِ -٨) وَيُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: أَنَّ النُّورَ هُوَ الْقُرْآنُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ الْهُدَى وَالْبَيَانُ، أَيْ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ سَبِيلًا وَاضِحًا فِي الدِّينِ تَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ ﴿وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ وَقِيلَ: لَمَّا سَمِعَ مَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَوْلَهُ ﷿: "أُولَئِكَ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ" (الْقَصَصِ -٥٤) قَالُوا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: أَمَّا مَنْ آمَنَ مِنَّا بِكِتَابِكُمْ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ لِإِيمَانِهِ بِكِتَابِكُمْ وَبِكِتَابِنَا وَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ مِنَّا فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ كَأُجُورِكُمْ فَمَا فَضْلُكُمْ عَلَيْنَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ" فَجَعَلَ لَهُمُ الْأَجْرَيْنِ إِذَا آمَنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَزَادَهُمُ النُّورَ وَالْمَغْفِرَةَ (٢) ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿لِئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ﴾ ﴿لِئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: حَسَدَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى (٣) "لِئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ". قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ [مِنَّا] (٤) . نَبِيٌّ يَقْطَعُ الْأَيْدِيَ وَالْأَرْجُلَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ كَفَرُوا بِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى (٥) "لِئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ" أَيْ لِيَعْلَمَ وَ"لَا" صِلَةٌ ﴿أَلَّا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ لِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا أَنَّهُمْ لَا أَجْرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا نَصِيبَ لَهُمْ فِي

(١) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب تعليم الرجل أمته وأهله: ١ / ١٩٠، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب وجوب الإيمان برسالة نبينا محمد ﷺ برقم: (١٥٤) : ١ / ١٣٤ - ١٣٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٥٣. (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٦ - ٦٨ للطبراني في الأوسط. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٢١: " رواه الطبراني وفيه من لم أعرفه". (٣) أخرجه عبد الرازق في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٧٦، والطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٤٦، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٨ عزه لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٨ لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر.