Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/43)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to Allah’s religion and the religion of Jesus, peace be upon him. So they travelled throughout the land and adopted monasticism. They are the ones concerning whom Allah, exalted is He, said: “As for monasticism, they invented it; We did not prescribe it for them.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then said: “Whoever believes in me, affirms me as true, and follows me has observed it as it ought to be observed; and whoever does not believe in me—they are the ones who are doomed.” (1)

It is also related from Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: I was riding behind the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on a donkey, when he said to me: “O son of Umm ‘Abd, do you know how the Children of Israel came to adopt monasticism?” I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said: “After Jesus, peace be upon him, tyrants gained power over them and committed sins. The people of faith became angry and fought them, but the people of faith were defeated three times, until only a few of them remained. They said: ‘If we overcome these people, they will wipe us out, and no one will remain to call others to the religion.’ So they said: ‘Come, let us disperse throughout the land until Allah sends the Prophet whom Jesus, peace be upon him, promised to us’”—meaning Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. ⦗154/b⦘ They then dispersed into mountain caves and introduced monasticism. Among them were those who held firmly to their religion, and among them were those who disbelieved. He then recited this verse: “As for monasticism, they invented it...” to the end of the verse. “So We gave those among them who believed”—meaning those who remained steadfast upon it—“their reward.” Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O son of Umm ‘Abd, do you know what the monasticism of my community is?” I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said: “Migration, striving in Allah’s cause, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, lesser pilgrimage, and proclaiming Allah’s greatness upon elevated ground.” (2)

It is related from Anas that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Every community has its monasticism, and the monasticism of this community is striving in Allah’s cause.” (3)

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said: There were kings after Jesus, peace be upon him, who altered the Torah and the Gospel. Among them were believers who recited the Torah and the Gospel and called them to Allah’s religion. It was said to their kings: “If only you would gather these people who have defied you, then kill them or make them enter into what we are upon.” So their kings gathered them together

(1) Reported by Ibn Abi Asim in al-Sunnah, 1:35. Al-Albani said: “Its chain of transmission is very weak. Its narrators are trustworthy except Uqayl al-Ja'di, who is very weak, as indicated by al-Bukhari’s statement concerning him: ‘munkar al-hadith’ [rejected in hadith].” Also reported by al-Tabari, 27:239, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, 10:271. Al-Hakim graded it authentic, 2:480, but al-Dhahabi criticized this, saying: “It is not authentic, for although al-Sa'q is considered trustworthy, his shaykh is munkar al-hadith, as al-Bukhari stated.” Ibn Kathir cited it in al-Tafsir, 4:317, through Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, and said: “Abu Ya'la transmitted it with a chain through Shayban ibn Farrukh, from al-Sa'q ibn Hazn, with similar wording; thus, the hadith is strengthened through this route.” (2) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:64. (3) Reported by Abu Ya'la in al-Musnad, on the authority of Anas, 4:184, and by Ibn Abi Shaybah, 5:269. Imam Ahmad also reported it, 3:266, with the wording: “Every prophet has a monasticism ...” Its chain includes Zayd al-A'ma, who is weak. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 5:278: “It was narrated by Abu Ya'la and Ahmad, except that he said: ‘Every prophet ...’ It includes Zayd al-A'ma: Ahmad and others deemed him trustworthy, while Abu Zur'ah and others declared him weak; the rest of its narrators are those of the Sahih.” The hadith has corroborating reports. See al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 555; Takhrij Ahadith Ihya Ulum al-Din, 4:1566.

إِلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ وَدِينِ عِيسَى ﵇ فَسَاحُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ وَتَرَهَّبُوا وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهِمْ: "وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ" فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَصَدَّقَنِي وَاتَّبَعَنِي فَقَدْ رَعَاهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا وَمَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِي فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْهَالِكُونَ" (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: كُنْتُ رَدِيفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى حِمَارٍ فَقَالَ لِي: "يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ هَلْ تَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ اتَّخَذَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ الرَّهْبَانِيَّةَ؟ قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: ظَهَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَبَابِرَةُ بَعْدَ عِيسَى ﵇ يَعْمَلُونَ بِالْمَعَاصِي فَغَضِبَ أَهْلُ الْإِيمَانِ فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، فَهُزِمَ أَهْلُ الْإِيمَانِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا الْقَلِيلُ، فَقَالُوا: إِنْ ظَهَرْنَا لِهَؤُلَاءِ أَفْنَوْنَا وَلَمْ يَبْقَ لِلدِّينِ أَحَدٌ يَدْعُو لَهُ فَقَالُوا: تَعَالَوْا نَتَفَرَّقْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ الَّذِي وَعَدَنَا بِهِ عِيسَى ﵇، يعنون محمدا ﷺ ١٥٤/ب فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِي غِيرَانِ الْجِبَالِ، وَأَحْدَثُوا رَهْبَانِيَّةً فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَمَسَّكَ بِدِينِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ، ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا" الْآيَةَ. "فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ" يَعْنِي مَنْ ثَبَتُوا عَلَيْهَا أَجْرَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ أَتُدْرِي مَا رَهْبَانِيَّةُ أُمَّتِي؟ قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: الْهِجْرَةُ وَالْجِهَادُ، وَالصَّلَاةُ وَالصَّوْمُ وَالْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ عَلَى التِّلَاعِ" (٢) وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَهْبَانِيَّةً، وَرَهْبَانِيَّةُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ" (٣) وَرَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: كَانَتْ مُلُوكٌ بَعْدَ عِيسَى ﵇ بَدَّلُوا التَّوْارَةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ، وَكَانَ فيهم مؤمنون يقرؤن التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ وَيَدْعُونَهُمْ إِلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ فَقِيلَ لملوكهم: لو جمعتهم هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ شَقُّوا عَلَيْكُمْ فَقَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ أَوْ دَخَلُوا فِيمَا نَحْنُ فِيهِ، فَجَمَعَهُمْ مُلُوكُهُمْ

(١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في السنة: ١ / ٣٥ قال الألباني: إسناده ضعيف جدا، رجاله ثقات غير عقيل الجعدي فإنه ضعيف جدا، كما يفيده قول البخاري فيه: منكر الحديث. والطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٣٩، والطبراني في المعجم الكبير: ١٠ / ٢٧١، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٨٠ وتعقبه الذهبي فقال: "ليس بصحيح فإن الصعق وإن كان موثقا فإن شيخه منكر الحديث قاله البخاري". وساقه ابن كثير في التفسير: ٤ / ٣١٧ من رواته ابن أبي حاتم وابن جرير وقال: " أسنده أبو يعلى، وسنده: عن شيبان بن فروخ، عن الصعق بن حزن، به مثل ذلك فقوي الحديث من هذا الوجه". (٢) انظر الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٤. (٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى في المسند عن أنس: ٤ / ١٨٤، وابن أبي شيبة: ٥ / ٢٦٩. وأخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٢٦٦ بلفظ: "لكل نبي رهبانية ... " وفيه زيد العمي وهو ضعيف. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٥ / ٢٧٨: "رواه أبو يعلى وأحمد إلا أنه قال: لكل نبي ... وفيه زيد العمي: وثقه أحمد وغيره، وضعفه أبو زرعه وغيره وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح". وللحديث شواهد. انظر: سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة للألباني رقم: (٥٥٥) ، تخريج أحاديث إحياء علوم الدين: ٤ / ١٥٦٦.