Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/41)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“We certainly sent Our messengers with clear proofs, and sent down with them the Book and the balance, so that people may uphold justice. And We sent down iron, in which there is great might and benefit for people, so that Allah may make known those who support Him and His messengers unseen. Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty.” (25)

His saying, exalted is He: “We certainly sent Our messengers with clear proofs”—that is, with signs and evidences—“and sent down with them the Book and the balance,” meaning justice. Muqatil ibn Sulayman said: It is that by which things are weighed; that is, We established the balance, as He said: “And the heaven He raised, and He set up the balance” (al-Rahman 55:7). “So that people may uphold justice”—that they may deal justly with one another.

“And We sent down iron.” It is narrated from Ibn Umar, in a report traced back to the Prophet, that Allah sent down four blessings from heaven to earth: iron, fire, water, and salt. (1) The scholars of meanings said that the meaning of His saying, “We sent down iron,” is: [We brought it into being and originated it; that is, He brought forth iron for them] (2) from the mines and taught them, through His revelation, how to manufacture it.

Qutrub said that this derives from the sense of provision bestowed upon a guest, as one says: “The ruler granted so-and-so a fine provision.” Thus, the meaning of the verse is that He made it a provision for them. Similar to this is His saying: “And He produced for you four pairs of livestock” (al-Zumar 39:6). “In which there is great might”—that is, great strength, meaning weapons for war. Mujahid said: It contains protection and weaponry; that is, instruments of defense and instruments of striking. “And benefit for people”: things from which they derive benefit in their needs, such as knives, axes, needles, and the like, since it is an instrument for every craft. “So that Allah may make known”—that is, We sent Our messengers and sent down with them these things so that people may deal according to truth and justice, and so that Allah may know and see—“those who support Him,” that is, His religion, “and His messengers unseen”; that is, one who rises to support the religion without having seen Allah or the Hereafter. Only the one who obeys Allah unseen is praised and rewarded. “Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty”: All-Powerful in His command and Almighty in His dominion.

(1) Weak. Al-Daylami transmitted it in al-Firdaws. See: Kanz al-Ummal, 15:418. Ibn Hajar attributed it in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 164, to al-Tha'labi and said: “Its chain of transmission contains someone whom I do not know.” (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “A.”

﴿لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ (٢٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ بِالْآيَاتِ وَالْحُجَجِ ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْعَدْلَ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: هُوَ مَا يُوزَنُ بِهِ أَيْ: وَوَضَعْنَا الْمِيزَانَ كَمَا قَالَ: "وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ" (الرَّحْمَنِ -٧) ﴿لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ لِيَتَعَامَلُوا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْعَدْلِ. ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ﴾ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَرْفَعُهُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ أَرْبَعَ بَرَكَاتٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ: الْحَدِيدَ وَالنَّارَ وَالْمَاءَ وَالْمِلْحَ (١) وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْمَعَانِي مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: "أَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ" [أَنْشَأْنَا وَأَحْدَثْنَا أَيْ: أَخْرَجَ لَهُمُ الْحَدِيدَ] (٢) مِنَ الْمَعَادِنِ وَعَلَّمَهُمْ صَنَعْتَهُ بِوَحْيهِ. وَقَالَ قُطْرُبٌ هَذَا مِنَ النَّزْلِ كَمَا يُقَالُ: أَنْزَلَ الْأَمِيرُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ نَزْلًا حَسَنًا فَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ نَزْلًا لَهُمْ. وَمِثْلُهُ قَوْلُهُ: "وَأَنْزَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ" (الزُّمَرِ -٦) . ﴿فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ﴾ قُوَّةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ يَعْنِي: السِّلَاحَ لِلْحَرْبِ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: فِيهِ جُنَّةٌ وَسِلَاحٌ يَعْنِي آلَةُ الدَّفْعِ وَآلَةُ الضَّرْبِ ﴿وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ﴾ مِمَّا يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهِ فِي مَصَالِحِهِمْ كَالسِّكِّينِ وَالْفَأْسِ وَالْإِبْرَةِ وَنَحْوِهَا إِذْ هُوَ آلَةٌ لِكُلِّ صَنْعَةٍ ﴿وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ لِيَتَعَامَلَ النَّاسُ بِالْحَقِّ وَالْعَدْلِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ وَلِيَرَى اللَّهُ ﴿مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ﴾ أَيْ: دِينَهُ ﴿وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ﴾ أَيْ: قَامَ بِنُصْرَةِ الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يَرَ اللَّهَ وَلَا الْآخِرَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا يُحْمَدُ وَيُثَابُ مَنْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ بِالْغَيْبِ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ﴾ قَوِيٌّ فِي أَمْرِهِ، عَزِيزٌ فِي مُلْكِهِ.

(١) ضعيف أخرجه الديلمي في الفردوس. انظر: كنز العمال: ١٥ / ٤١٨ وعزاه ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف صفحة: (١٦٤) للثعلبي وقال: "وفي إسناده من لا أعرفه". (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".