Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/36)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and seek light.” That is, seek light there for yourselves, for there is no way for you to borrow from our light. So they will go back in search of light, but find nothing. Then they will return to them to meet them, and a separation will be made between them and the believers. This is indicated by His saying: “Then a wall with a gate will be set up between them”—that is, a wall will be erected; the prefixed bi is supplementary—between the believers and the hypocrites. It is a wall between Paradise and the Fire. “It will have a gate”: that is, the wall will have a gate. “Within it will be mercy”: that is, within that wall is mercy, namely Paradise. “While on its outer side”: that is, outside that wall—“facing it will be punishment”: that is, the Fire.

“They will call out to them, ‘Were we not with you?’ They will say, ‘Yes, but you tempted yourselves, waited, doubted, and false hopes deceived you until Allah’s command came; and the Deceiver deceived you concerning Allah.’” (14)

“They will call out to them.” It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Umar that he said: The wall which Allah Most High mentions in the Quran—“Then a wall with a gate will be set up between them”—is the eastern wall of Jerusalem; within it is mercy, while on its outer side, facing it, is punishment: the Valley of Hell. (1)

Shurayh said: Ka‘b used to say concerning the gate in Jerusalem known as the Gate of Mercy: It is the gate of which Allah, Exalted is He, said, “Then a wall with a gate will be set up between them”—the verse. (2) “They will call out to them” means that the hypocrites will call out to the believers from behind the wall, after they have been separated by it and left in darkness:

“Were we not with you”—in the life of this world, praying and fasting? “They will say, ‘Yes, but you tempted yourselves’”—⦗153/b⦘ that is, you destroyed yourselves through hypocrisy and disbelief, and employed yourselves in acts of disobedience and sinful desires, all of which are a trial—“and waited”: that is, you delayed faith and repentance. Muqatil said: You awaited his death, saying, “He will soon die, and we will be rid of him.” “And doubted”: you doubted his prophethood and what he had promised you. “And false hopes deceived you”: that is, falsehoods and your wish that calamities would befall the believers—“until Allah’s command came”: that is, death—“and the Deceiver deceived you concerning Allah”: that is, Satan. Qatada said: They remained under Satan’s deception until Allah cast them into the Fire. (3)

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:225, and authenticated by al-Hakim, 4:601; al-Dhahabi concurred. In al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:56, al-Suyuti also attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and Ibn Asakir, all of whom narrated it from Abdullah ibn Amr. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:225. Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said, 4:310: “As for the statement of Kab al-Ahbar that the gate mentioned in the Quran is the Gate of Mercy, which is one of the gates of the mosque, this is among his Israiliyyat reports and absurdities. Rather, what is meant is a wall that will be erected on the Day of Resurrection to separate the believers from the hypocrites ...” (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:227. In al-Durr al-Manthur, 17:56, al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd. Ibn Kathir also mentioned it, 4:310.

﴿فَالْتَمِسُوا نُورًا﴾ فَاطْلُبُوا هُنَاكَ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ نُورًا فَإِنَّهُ لَا سَبِيلَ لَكُمْ إِلَى الِاقْتِبَاسِ مِنْ نُورِنَا، فَيَرْجِعُونَ فِي طَلَبِ النُّورِ فَلَا يَجِدُونَ شَيْئًا فَيَنْصَرِفُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيَلْقُوهُمْ فَيُمَيَّزُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ﴾ أَيْ سُورٌ، وَ"الْبَاءُ" صِلَةٌ يَعْنِي بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَهُوَ حَائِطٌ بَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ ﴿لَهُ﴾ أَيْ لِذَلِكَ السُّورِ ﴿بَابٌ بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ﴾ أَيْ فِي بَاطِنِ ذَلِكَ السُّورِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَهِيَ الْجَنَّةُ ﴿وَظَاهِرُهُ﴾ أَيْ خَارِجَ ذَلِكَ السُّورِ ﴿مِنْ قِبَلِهِ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ قِبَلِ ذَلِكَ الظَّاهِرِ ﴿الْعَذَابُ﴾ وَهُوَ النَّارُ. ﴿يُنَادُونَهُمْ أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى وَلَكِنَّكُمْ فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتَرَبَّصْتُمْ وَارْتَبْتُمْ وَغَرَّتْكُمُ الْأَمَانِيُّ حَتَّى جَاءَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَغَرَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ (١٤) ﴾ ﴿يُنَادُونَهُمْ﴾ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: إِنَّ السُّورَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْقُرْآنِ " فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ لَهُ بَابٌ" هُوَ سُورُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ الشَّرْقِيُّ بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَاهِرُهُ مِنْ قَبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُ وَادِي جَهَنَّمَ (١) . وَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: كَانَ كَعْبٌ يَقُولُ: فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي يُسَمَّى "بَابَ الرَّحْمَةِ" فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ: إِنَّهُ الْبَابُ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ لَهُ بَابٌ" الْآيَةَ (٢) . "يُنَادُونَهُمْ" يَعْنِي: يُنَادِي الْمُنَافِقُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ السُّورِ حِينَ حُجِزَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسُّورِ وَبَقُوا فِي الظُّلْمَةِ: ﴿أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ﴾ فِي الدُّنْيَا نُصَلِّي وَنَصُومُ؟ ﴿قَالُوا بَلَى وَلَكِنَّكُمْ فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ ١٥٣/ب أَهْلَكْتُمُوهَا بِالنِّفَاقِ وَالْكُفْرِ وَاسْتَعْمَلْتُمُوهَا فِي الْمَعَاصِي وَالشَّهَوَاتِ وَكُلُّهَا فِتْنَةٌ ﴿وَتَرَبَّصْتُمْ﴾ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: وَتَرَبَّصْتُمُ الْمَوْتَ وَقُلْتُمْ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَمُوتَ فَنَسْتَرِيحُ مِنْهُ ﴿وَارْتَبْتُمْ﴾ شَكَكْتُمْ فِي نُبُوَّتِهِ وَفِيمَا أَوْعَدَكُمْ بِهِ ﴿وَغَرَّتْكُمُ الْأَمَانِيُّ﴾ الْأَبَاطِيلُ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَتَمَنَّوْنَ مِنْ نِزُولِ الدَّوَائِرِ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿حَتَّى جَاءَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمَوْتَ ﴿وَغَرَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ﴾ يَعْنِي الشَّيْطَانَ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: مَا زَالُوا عَلَى خُدْعَةٍ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ حَتَّى قَذَفَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ (٣) .

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٢٥، وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ٦٠١ ووافقه الذهبي. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٥٦ أيضا لعبد ابن = حميد وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم، وابن عساكر، وكلهم عن عبد الله بن عمرو. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٢٥. قال الحافظ ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣١٠: "وقول كعب الأخبار: إن الباب المذكور في القرآن هو باب الرحمة الذي هو أحد أبواب المسجد فهذا من إسرائيلياته وترهاته، وإنما المراد بذلك سور يضرب يوم القيامة ليحجز بين المؤمنين والمافقين..". (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٢٧، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ١٧ / ٥٦ عزوه لعبد بن حميد. وذكره ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣١٠.