Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/34)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abdullah ibn Masud said: “The first to openly proclaim his Islam with his sword were the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and Abu Bakr.”

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Thalabi informed us; Abdullah ibn Hamid ibn Muhammad informed us; Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Ayyub informed us; Muhammad ibn Yunus informed us; al-Ala ibn Amr al-Shaybani related to us; Abu Ishaq al-Fazari related to us; Sufyan ibn Said related to us from Adam ibn Ali, from Ibn Umar, who said:

“I was with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, was with him. He was wearing a cloak which he had fastened at his chest with pins. Gabriel then descended and said, ‘Why do I see Abu Bakr wearing a cloak fastened at his chest with pins?’ He replied, ‘He spent his wealth in support of me before the Conquest.’ Gabriel said, ‘Allah, Exalted is He, says: Convey My greetings to him and ask him: Are you pleased with Me in this poverty of yours, or are you displeased?’

“The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘O Abu Bakr, Allah sends you greetings and asks you: Are you pleased in this poverty of yours, or are you displeased?’ Abu Bakr replied, ‘Would I be displeased with my Lord? Indeed, I am pleased with my Lord; indeed, I am pleased with my Lord.’” (1)

“And to each Allah has promised the best.” That is, Allah has promised both groups Paradise. Ata said: “The ranks of Paradise vary; those who spent before the Conquest will be in its highest ranks.” Ibn Amir recited “and each of them” in the nominative. “And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.”

“Who is it that will lend Allah a goodly loan, so that He may multiply it for him, and he will have a noble reward?” (11)

(1) Ibn Kathir cited it from al-Baghawi, 4:308, and said: “This hadith has a weak chain of transmission through this route, and Allah knows best.” Its chain includes al-Ala ibn Amr. Ibn Hibban stated in al-Majruhin wa al-Duafa, 2:185: “He narrates astonishing reports from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari; it is impermissible to cite him as evidence under any circumstances.” He then cited this hadith through him. Al-Dhahabi said in al-Mizan, 3:103: “Abandoned,” and cited this hadith through Ibn Khuzaymah, then said: “It is a lie.”

وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَظْهَرَ إِسْلَامَهُ بِسَيْفِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَامِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصَّدِّيقُ ﵁، وَعَلَيْهِ عَبَاءَةٌ قَدْ خَلَّهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ بِخِلَالٍ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ: مَالِي أَرَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهِ عَبَاءَةٌ قَدْ خَلَّهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ بِخِلَالٍ؟ فَقَالَ: "أَنْفَقَ مَالَهُ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ" قَالَ: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقُولُ: اقْرَأْ ﵇ وَقُلْ لَهُ: أَرَاضٍ أَنْتِ عَنِّي فِي فَقْرِكَ هَذَا أَمْ سَاخِطٌ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: أَرَاضٍ أَنْتِ فِي فَقْرِكَ هَذَا أَمْ سَاخِطٌ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَأَسْخَطُ عَلَى رَبِّي؟ إِنِّي عَنْ رَبِّي رَاضٍ إِنِّي عَنْ رَبِّي رَاضٍ (١) . ﴿وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ أَيْ كِلَا الْفَرِيقَيْنِ وَعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: دَرَجَاتُ الْجَنَّةِ تَتَفَاضَلُ، فَالَّذِينَ أَنْفَقُوا قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ فِي أَفْضَلِهَا. وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ: "وَكُلٌّ" بِالرَّفْعِ ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ﴾ ﴿مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ وَلَهُ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ (١١) ﴾

(١) أورده ابن كثير: ٤ / ٣٠٨ عن البغوي، وقال: "هذا الحديث ضعيف الإسناد من هذا الوجه والله أعلم". فيه العلاء بن عمرو، قال ابن حبان في كتاب المجروحين والضعفاء: ٢ / ١٨٥: يروي عن أبي إسحاق الفزازي العجائب، لا يجوز الاحتجاج به بحال وساق له هذا الحديث. وقال الذهبي في الميزان: ٣ / ١٠٣: متروك، وساق له هذا الحديث من طريق ابن خزيمة، ثم قال: "وهو كذب".