Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/26)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and the rest read it with the rā’ vowelled with a. Whoever recites it with u, al-Hasan said, understands it to mean: his soul departs amid fragrant plants. Qatādah said: The word means mercy—that is, he will have mercy. It was also said to mean: they will have life and continuance.

Whoever recites it with a understands it to mean: he will have repose; this was the view of Mujāhid. Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr said: joy. Al-Dahhāk said: forgiveness and mercy.

“And fragrant provision”: relief. Mujāhid and Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr said: provision. Muqātil said: In the Himyarite dialect, it means provision. One says, “I went out seeking Allah’s fragrant provision,” meaning, Allah’s provision.

Others said that it refers to the fragrant herb that is smelled. Abu al-‘Āliyah said: None of those brought near leaves this world until he is brought a branch of fragrant herbs from Paradise, which he smells, and then his soul is taken. (1)

“And a Garden of Bliss.” Abu Bakr al-Warrāq said: “Repose” means salvation from the Fire, and “fragrant provision” means entering the Abode of Permanence.

“But if he is among the companions of the right, (90) then peace be unto you from the companions of the right. (91) But if he is among the deniers who went astray, (92)”

“But if the deceased is among the companions of the right, then peace be unto you from the companions of the right”: that is, O Muhammad, they are safe from harm, so do not be concerned for them; for they have been saved from Allah’s punishment. Or, you will see in them the well-being that pleases you.

Muqātil said: 152/b Allah, Exalted is He, will overlook their evil deeds and accept their good deeds.

Al-Farrā’ and others said: (2) It is affirmed to you that they are among the companions of the right. Or the companion of the right is told: It is affirmed to you that you are among the companions of the right. This is like a man who says, “I shall soon travel,” and is told, “You are believed: you shall soon travel.” It was also said that “then peace be unto you” means: peace be upon you from the companions of the right. “But if he is among the deniers” of the resurrection, “who went astray” from guidance—they are the companions of the left.

(1) Al-Tabari cited these views, 27:211-212, then stated in preference: “In my view, the soundest opinion is that rawh means joy, mercy, and forgiveness. Its origin lies in the expression, ‘I found rawh,’ meaning that one finds a breeze bringing relief from the distress of heat. As for rayhan, it is, in my view, the fragrant plant with which one is received at death, as Abu al-Aliyah and al-Hasan said, and as those who held similar views said; for this is the predominant and most apparent of its meanings.” (2) Al-Farra, Ma'ani al-Quran, 3:131, adapted.

وَالْبَاقُونَ بِفَتْحِهَا، فَمَنْ قَرَأَ بِالضَّمِّ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ مَعْنَاهُ: تَخْرُجُ رُوحُهُ فِي الرَّيْحَانِ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: الرُّوحُ الرَّحْمَةُ أَيْ لَهُ الرَّحْمَةُ، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ فَحَيَاةٌ وَبَقَاءٌ لَهُمْ. وَمَنْ قَرَأَ بِالْفَتْحِ مَعْنَاهُ: فَلَهُ رَوْحٌ وَهُوَ الرَّاحَةُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: فَرَحٌ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ. ﴿وَرَيْحَانٌ﴾ اسْتِرَاحَةٌ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: رِزْقٌ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هُوَ الرِّزْقُ بِلِسَانِ حِمْيَرَ، يُقَالُ: خَرَجْتُ أَطْلُبُ رَيْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَيْ رِزْقَ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: هُوَ الرَّيْحَانُ الَّذِي يُشَمُّ. قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: لَا يُفَارِقُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يُؤْتَى بِغُصْنٍ مِنْ رَيْحَانِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَشُمُّهُ ثُمَّ تُقْبَضُ رُوحُهُ. (١) . ﴿وَجَنَّةُ نَعِيمٍ﴾ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْوَرَّاقُ: "الرَّوْحُ" النَّجَاةُ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَ"الرَّيْحَانُ" دُخُولُ دَارِ الْقَرَارِ. ﴿وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ (٩٠) فَسَلَامٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ (٩١) وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ الضَّالِّينَ (٩٢) ﴾ ﴿وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ﴾ الْمُتَوَفَّى ﴿مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ فَسَلَامٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ﴾ أَيْ سَلَامَةٌ لَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَهْتَمَّ لَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ سَلِمُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَنَّكَ تَرَى فِيهِمْ مَا تُحِبُّ مِنَ السَّلَامَةِ. قال مقاتل: ١٥٢/ب هُوَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَيَقْبَلُ حَسَنَاتِهِمْ. وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ وَغَيْرُهُ: (٢) مُسَلَّمٌ لَكَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ، أَوْ يُقَالُ لِصَاحِبِ الْيَمِينِ: مُسَلَّمٌ لَكَ أَنَّكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ وَأَلْفَيْتُ إِنْ كَالرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ إِنِّي مُسَافِرٌ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: أَنْتَ مُصَدَّقٌ مُسَافِرٌ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ، وَقِيلَ: "فَسَلَامٌ لَكَ" أَيْ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ. ﴿وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ﴾ بِالْبَعْثِ ﴿الضَّالِّينَ﴾ عَنِ الْهُدَى وَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ.

(١) أورد هذه الأقوال الطبري: ٢٧ / ٢١١ - ٢١٢ ثم قال مرجحا: " وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب عندي قول من قال: عنى بالروح: الفرح والرحمة والمغفرة وأصله من قولهم: وجدت روحا: إذا وجد نسيما يستروح إليه من كرب الحر، وأما الريحان: فإنه عندي الريحان الذي يتلقى به عند الموت، كما قال أبو العاليه والحسن، ومن قال في ذلك نحو قولهما لأن ذلك الأغلب والأظهر من معانية". (٢) معاني القرآن للفراء: ٣ / ١٣١ بتصرف.