Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/21)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Qatādah: “We are being punished”; gharām means punishment. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk and Ibn Kaysān said: “We have lost our wealth, and what we spent has become a loss against us.” A mughram is one whose wealth has gone without compensation. This is the meaning of His saying:

“Rather, we have been deprived.” (67) “Have you considered the water that you drink? (68) Is it you who send it down from the rain clouds, or are We the One who sends it down? (69) If We willed, We could make it bitter; so why will you not give thanks? (70) Have you considered the fire that you kindle? (71) Is it you who produced its tree, or are We the One who produced it? (72) We have made it a reminder and a benefit for travelers through the wilderness.” (73)

“Rather, we have been deprived”: that is, restrained and prevented from obtaining the yield we had sought from the crop.

“Have you considered the water that you drink? Is it you who send it down from the rain clouds”—that is, the clouds, the singular being muznah—“or are We the One who sends it down? If We willed, We could make it bitter.” Ibn ʿAbbās said: intensely salty. Al-Ḥasan said: bitter. “So why will you not give thanks?”

“Have you considered the fire that you kindle”: that is, which you strike and produce from your fire-stick. “Is it you who produced its tree”—the tree from which fire is struck (1), namely the markh and the ʿafār—“or are We the One who produced it? We have made it a reminder”—that is, the fire of this world (2)—a reminder of the greater Fire: whenever one sees it, one remembers Hell. This was said by ʿIkrimah, Mujāhid, and Muqātil. ʿAṭāʾ said: It is an admonition from which the believer takes heed.

Abu al-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Sarakhsī informed us; Abu ʿAlī Zāhir ibn Aḥmad al-Faqīh informed us; Abu Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Hāshimī related to us; Abu Muṣʿab informed us, from Mālik, from Abu al-Zinād, from al-Aʿraj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The fire that the children of Adam kindle is one seventieth of the Fire of Hell.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, even that would have been sufficient.” He said, “Yet it exceeds it by sixty-nine parts.” (3)

“And a benefit”: a provision and a source of benefit “for travelers through the wilderness,” that is, travelers. A muqwī is one who lodges in open country; qiyy and qawā refer to a desolate, empty wilderness far from settled habitation. One says, “The dwelling has become desolate,” when it has been emptied of its inhabitants. The meaning is that

(1) Omitted in manuscript “A”. (2) Omitted in manuscript “A”. (3) Reported by Imam Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of Hellfire, chapter: “What Has Been Related Concerning the Description of Hellfire,” 2:994; al-Bukhari, Book of the Beginning of Creation, chapter: “The Description of the Fire and That It Is Created,” 6:330; Muslim, Book of Paradise, Its Bliss, and Its People, chapter: “On the Intense Heat of the Fire of Hell,” no. 2843, 4:2184; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:239.

وُقُتَادَةُ: مُعَذَّبُونَ، وَالْغَرَامُ الْعَذَابُ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: غَرِمْنَا أَمْوَالَنَا وَصَارَ مَا أَنْفَقْنَا غُرْمًا عَلَيْنَا وَالْمُغْرَمُ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ مَالُهُ بِغَيْرِ عِوَضٍ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ (٦٧) أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ (٦٨) أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ (٦٩) لَوْ نَشَاءُ جَعَلْنَاهُ أُجَاجًا فَلَوْلَا تَشْكُرُونَ (٧٠) أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ (٧١) أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِئُونَ (٧٢) نَحْنُ جَعَلْنَاهَا تَذْكِرَةً وَمَتَاعًا لِلْمُقْوِينَ (٧٣) ﴾ ﴿بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ﴾ مَحْدُودُونَ مَمْنُوعُونَ، أَيْ: حُرِمْنَا مَا كُنَّا نَطْلُبُهُ مِنَ الرِّيعِ فِي الزَّرْعِ. ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ﴾ السَّحَابِ، وَاحِدَتُهَا: مُزْنَةٌ ﴿أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ لَوْ نَشَاءُ جَعَلْنَاهُ أُجَاجًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: شَدِيدُ الْمُلُوحَةِ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: مُرًّا. ﴿فَلَوْلَا تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ﴾ تَقْدَحُونَ وَتَسْتَخْرِجُونَ مِنْ زَنْدِكُمْ. ﴿أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا﴾ الَّتِي تُقْدَحُ مِنْهَا [النَّارُ] (١) وَهِيَ الْمَرْخُ وَالْعِفَارُ ﴿أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِئُونَ نَحْنُ جَعَلْنَاهَا تَذْكِرَةً﴾ [يَعْنِي نَارَ الدُّنْيَا] (٢) تَذْكِرَةً لِلنَّارِ الْكُبْرَى إِذَا رَآهَا الرَّائِي ذَكَرَ جَهَنَّمَ قَالَهُ عِكْرِمَةُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَمُقَاتِلٌ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: مَوْعِظَةٌ يَتَّعِظُ بِهَا الْمُؤْمِنُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْفَقِيهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "نَارُ بَنِي آدَمَ الَّتِي يُوقِدُونَ جُزْءٌ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ جُزْءًا مِنْ نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ" قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَتْ لِكَافِيَةً، قَالَ: "فَإِنَّهَا فُضِّلَتْ عَلَيْهَا بِتِسْعَةٍ وَسِتِّينَ جُزْءًا" (٣) . ﴿وَمَتَاعًا﴾ بُلْغَةً وَمَنْفَعَةً ﴿لِلْمُقْوِينَ﴾ الْمُسَافِرِينَ وَ"الْمُقْوِي": النَّازِلُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالْقِيُّ وَالْقُوَا هُوَ: الْقَفْرُ الْخَالِيَةُ الْبَعِيدَةُ مِنَ الْعُمْرَانِ، يُقَالُ: أَقْوَتِ الدَّارُ إِذَا خَلَتْ مِنْ سُكَّانِهَا. وَالْمَعْنَى: أَنَّهُ يَنْتَفِعُ

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه الإمام مالك في الموطأ كتاب جهنم، باب ما جاء في صفة جهنم: ٢ / ٩٩٤، والبخاري في بدء الخلق، باب صفة النار وأنها مخلوقة: ٦ / ٣٣٠، ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها وأهلها، باب في شدة حر نار جهنم برقم: (٢٨٤٣) : ٤ / ٢١٨٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥/٢٣٩.