Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/18)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

A group held that both multitudes are entirely from this community. This was the view of Abu al-Aliyah, Mujahid, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, and al-Dahhak. They said: “A multitude from the first generations” refers to the foremost members of this community, while “a multitude from the later generations” refers to the latter part of this community at the end of time.

Abu Said al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Daynawari informed me; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Sunni related to us; Abu Khalifah al-Fadl ibn al-Hubab informed us; Muhammad ibn Kathir related to us; Sufyan informed us from Aban ibn Abi Ayyash, from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, concerning this verse: “A multitude from the first generations and a multitude from the later generations.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Both are from my community.” (1)

“And the companions of the left—what are the companions of the left? They will be amid scorching winds and scalding water, and in the shade of black smoke—neither cool nor pleasant. Before that, they had lived in luxury, and they persisted in the gravest sin. They would say, ‘When we have died and become dust and bones, shall we indeed be resurrected?’” (41–47)

His saying, Exalted is He: “And the companions of the left—what are the companions of the left? They will be amid scorching winds”: that is, a hot wind; “and scalding water”: hot water; “and in the shade of black smoke”: intensely black smoke. The Arabs say, “Black yahmum,” when something is intensely black. Al-Dahhak said: “The Fire is black, its inhabitants are black, and everything in it is black.” Ibn Kaysan said: “Yahmum is one of the names of the Fire.”

“Neither cool nor pleasant.” Qatadah said: “Neither a cool dwelling nor a pleasant sight.” Said ibn al-Musayyib said: “It is neither pleasant nor beautiful,” just as in His saying, “of every noble kind” (The Poets 26:7). Muqatil said: “Wholesome.”

“Before that,” meaning in this world, “they had lived in luxury,” that is, they had been indulged in ease and comfort. “And they persisted,” that is, they remained steadfast, “in the gravest sin”: the great sin, namely polytheism. Al-Sha‘bi said: “The gravest sin” means a grave false oath. Its meaning is that they would swear that they would not be resurrected, and thus they lied in doing so.

“And they would say, ‘When we have died and become dust and bones, shall we indeed be resurrected?’” Abu Ja‘far and Nafi‘ recited:

(1) Recorded by al-Tabari, 27:19. Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi narrated it as a mawquf report (stopping at the Companion), while Musaddad narrated it from Abu Bakrah both as mawquf and marfu' (attributed to the Prophet). Both of their chains revolve around Ali ibn Zayd ibn Jud'an, who is weak. It also has a supporting narration in Ahmad. Al-Tabarani narrated it through two chains. Al-Haythami stated in Majma' al-Zawa'id, 7:119: “The narrators of one of them are the narrators of the Sahih, apart from Ali ibn Zayd, who is trustworthy but has poor retention.” See Ibn Hajar, al-Matalib al-'Aliyah, 3:383, together with the editor's annotation.

وَذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الثُّلَّتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَالضَّحَّاكِ، قَالُوا: "ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ" مِنْ سَابِقِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ "وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ" مِنْ آخَرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّيْنَوَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ السُّنِّيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: "ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ" قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هُمَا جَمِيعًا مِنْ أُمَّتِي" (١) ﴿وَأَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ (٤١) فِي سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ (٤٢) وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ (٤٣) لَا بَارِدٍ وَلَا كَرِيمٍ (٤٤) إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ (٤٥) وَكَانُوا يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيمِ (٤٦) وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ أَئِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَئِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ (٤٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ فِي سَمُومٍ﴾ رِيحٍ حَارَّةٍ ﴿وَحَمِيمٍ﴾ مَاءٍ حَارٍّ ﴿وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ﴾ دُخَانٍ شَدِيدِ السَّوَادِ، تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: أَسْوَدُ يَحْمُومٌ إِذَا كَانَ شَدِيدَ السَّوَادِ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: النَّارُ سَوْدَاءُ وَأَهْلُهَا سُودٌ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِيهَا أَسْوَدُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: "الْيَحْمُومُ" اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ النَّارِ. ﴿لَا بَارِدٍ وَلَا كَرِيمٍ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: لَا بَارِدَ الْمَنْزِلِ وَلَا كَرِيمَ الْمَنْظَرِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: وَلَا كَرِيمَ وَلَا حَسَنَ نَظِيرُهُ "مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ" (الشُّعَرَاءِ -٧) . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: طَيِّبٌ. ﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي فِي الدُّنْيَا ﴿مُتْرَفِينَ﴾ مُنَعَّمِينَ. ﴿وَكَانُوا يُصِرُّونَ﴾ يُقِيمُونَ ﴿عَلَى الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ عَلَى الذَّنْبِ الْكَبِيرِ وَهُوَ الشِّرْكُ. وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: "الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيمِ" الْيَمِينِ الْغَمُوسِ. وَمَعْنَى هَذَا: أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَحْلِفُونَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُبْعَثُونَ وَكَذَبُوا فِي ذَلِكَ. ﴿وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ أَئِذَا مِتْنَا وَك، نَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَئِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، وَنَافِعُ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٩، ورواه أبو داود الطيالسي موقوفا، ومسدد موقوفا ومرفوعا عن أبي بكرة، ومدار إسناديهما على علي بن زيد بن جدعان، وهو ضعيف، وله شاهد عند أحمد. ورواه الطبراني بإسنادين قال الهيثمي في (مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١١٩:) رجال أحدهما رجال الصحيح غير علي بن زيد وهو ثقة سيئ الحفظ) انظر: المطالب العالية لابن حجر: ٣ / ٣٨٣ مع حاشية المحقق.