Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/9)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And the foremost—the first of the Emigrants and the Helpers” (Surah al-Tawbah, 100).

Al-Rabi ibn Anas said: Those who were foremost in responding to the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, in this world will be foremost in entering Paradise in the Hereafter.

Maqatil said: ⦗150a⦘ Those foremost in responding to the prophets with faith (1).

Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah Most High be pleased with him, said: Those foremost in observing the five daily prayers. Al-Dahhak said: Those foremost in jihad (2).

Said ibn Jubayr said: They are those who hasten to repent and to perform righteous deeds (3). Allah Most High says: “Race toward forgiveness from your Lord” (Surah al-Hadid, 21), and: “Hasten toward forgiveness from your Lord” (Surah Al Imran, 133).

He then praised them, saying: “They are the ones who hasten to good deeds, and they are foremost in them.” Ibn Kaysan said: They are those foremost in everything to which Allah calls.

It is related from Kab that he said: They are the people devoted to the Quran, who will be crowned on the Day of Resurrection. It was also said: They are those who set out earliest for the mosque and who are first to go forth in the path of Allah (4). Al-Qurazi said: They are foremost in every good deed.

“Those are the ones brought near to Allah (11), in Gardens of Bliss (12): a multitude from the earlier peoples (13), and a few from the later ones (14), reclining on woven couches (15), facing one another (16).”

“Those are the ones brought near”: brought near to Allah. “In Gardens of Bliss: a multitude from the earlier peoples”: that is, from the past nations, from the time of Adam, peace be upon him, until the time of our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. A multitude is a group not confined to a specific number.

“And a few from the later ones”: that is, from this community. Al-Zajjaj said: Those who beheld the prophets from Adam, peace be upon him, onward and believed them are more numerous than those who beheld the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.

“Reclining on woven couches”: interwoven, just as the links of chainmail are interwoven, with some inserted into others. The commentators said: They are joined and woven with gold and jewels. Al-Dahhak said: Woven means arranged in rows.

“Reclining on them, facing one another”: none of them will look upon another’s back.

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:205. (2) See al-Qurtubi, 17:199. (3) See al-Qurtubi, 17:199. (4) See al-Tabari, 27:171; Ibn Kathir, 4:284.

"وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ" (التَّوْبَةِ -١٠٠) . قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى إِجَابَةِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ فِي الدُّنْيَا هُمُ السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فِي الْعُقْبَى. وقال مقاتل: ١٥٠/أإِلَى إِجَابَةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِالْإِيمَانِ (١) . وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ: إِلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: إِلَى الْجِهَادِ (٢) . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: هُمُ الْمُسَارِعُونَ إِلَى التَّوْبَةِ وَإِلَى أَعْمَالِ الْبِرِّ (٣) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "سَابِقُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ" (الْحَدِيدِ -٢١) "وَسَارِعُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ" (آلِ عِمْرَانَ -١٣٣) ثُمَّ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: أُولَئِكَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَهُمْ لَهَا سَابِقُونَ" قَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: وَالسَّابِقُونَ إِلَى كُلِّ مَا دَعَا اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الْقُرْآنِ الْمُتَوَّجُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقِيلَ: هُمْ أَوَّلُهُمْ رَوَاحًا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَوَّلُهُمْ خُرُوجًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ (٤) . وَقَالَ الْقُرَظِيُّ: إِلَى كُلِّ خَيْرٍ. ﴿أُولَئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ (١١) فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ (١٢) ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ (١٣) وَقَلِيلٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ (١٤) عَلَى سُرُرٍ مَوْضُونَةٍ (١٥) مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَيْهَا مُتَقَابِلِينَ (١٦) ﴾ ﴿أُولَئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ﴾ مِنَ اللَّهِ. ﴿فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ أَيْ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ الْمَاضِيَةِ مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ ﵇ إِلَى زَمَانِ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ وَالثُّلَّةُ: جَمَاعَةٌ غَيْرُ مَحْصُورَةِ الْعَدَدِ. ﴿وَقَلِيلٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: الَّذِينَ عَايَنُوا جَمِيعَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ ﵊ وَصَدَّقُوهُمْ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ عَايَنَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ. ﴿عَلَى سُرُرٍ مَوْضُونَةٍ﴾ مَنْسُوجَةٍ كَمَا تُوَضَنُ حِلَقُ الدِّرْعِ فَيُدْخَلُ بَعْضُهَا فِي بَعْضٍ. قَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: هِيَ مَوْصُولَةٌ مَنْسُوجَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْجَوَاهِرِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: مَوْضُونَةٌ مَصْفُوفَةٌ. ﴿مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَيْهَا مُتَقَابِلِينَ﴾ لَا يَنْظُرُ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي قَفَا بَعْضٍ.

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٠٥. (٢) انظر: القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٩٩. (٣) انظر: القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٩٩. (٤) انظر: الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٧١، ابن كثير: ٤ / ٢٨٤.