Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/8)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the earth, being driven along. Al-Hasan said: They will be uprooted from their foundations and carried away. A parallel to this is His saying: “Then say, ‘My Lord will scatter them as dust’” (Surah Taha, 105). Ibn Kaysan said: They will be made into a heap of loose sand after having been lofty and towering.

“And they will become dust, dispersed (6). And you will become three kinds (7): the Companions of the Right—what are the Companions of the Right? (8) And the Companions of the Left—what are the Companions of the Left? (9) And the foremost—the foremost (10).”

“And they will become dust, dispersed”: scattered dust, like that seen in a ray of sunlight entering through an opening; this is dispersed dust.

“And you will become three kinds”: that is, three classes. He then explained them, saying:

“The Companions of the Right”: they are those who will be taken to the right, toward Paradise. Ibn Abbas said: They are those who were on Adam’s right when his progeny was brought forth from his loins, and Allah Most High said to them: “These are for Paradise, and I do not mind” (1). Al-Dahhak said: They are those who will be given their records in their right hands. Al-Hasan and al-Rabi said: They are those who were fortunate and blessed in themselves, whose lives were spent in obedience to Allah; they are those who followed in righteousness (2).

He then caused His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to marvel, saying: “What are the Companions of the Right?” This is like saying, “Zayd—what a man Zayd is!” meaning that Zayd is formidable.

“And the Companions of the Left—what are the Companions of the Left?” That is, the people of the left. The Arabs call the left hand the unlucky hand; from this come the names Yemen and Syria, because Yemen lies to the right of the Kaabah and Syria to its left. They are those who will be taken to the left, toward the Fire.

Ibn Abbas said: They are those who were on Adam’s left when his progeny was brought forth, and Allah said to them: “These are for the Fire, and I do not mind.”

Al-Dahhak said: They are those who will be given their records in their left hands. Al-Hasan said: They are unfortunate in themselves, and their lives were spent in acts of disobedience (3).

“And the foremost—the foremost”: Ibn Abbas said: Those foremost in emigration will be foremost in the Hereafter. Ikrimah said: Those foremost in accepting Islam. Ibn Sirin said: They are those who prayed facing both directions of prayer (4). The evidence for this is His saying:

(1) See al-Qurtubi, 17:198. (2) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:204; al-Qurtubi, 17:198. (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:204. (4) Narrated by al-Tabari, 27:171. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:205.

الْأَرْضِ تَسْيِيرًا. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: قُلِعَتْ مِنْ أَصْلِهَا فَذَهَبَتْ نَظِيرُهَا: " فَقُلْ يَنْسِفُهَا رَبِّي نَسْفًا" (طه -١٠٥) قَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ جُعِلَتْ كَثِيبًا مَهِيلًا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَتْ شَامِخَةً طَوِيلَةً. ﴿فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُنْبَثًّا (٦) وَكُنْتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً (٧) فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ (٨) وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ (٩) وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ (١٠) ﴾ ﴿فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُنْبَثًّا﴾ غُبَارًا مُتَفَرِّقًا كَالَّذِي يُرَى فِي شُعَاعِ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْكُوَّةَ وَهُوَ الْهَبَاءُ. ﴿وَكُنْتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا﴾ أَصْنَافًا ﴿ثَلَاثَةً﴾ ، ثُمَّ فَسَّرَهَا فَقَالَ: ﴿فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ﴾ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْخَذُ بِهِمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا عَلَى يَمِينِ آدَمَ حِينَ أُخْرِجَتِ الذُّرِّيَّةُ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ: هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَلَا أُبَالِي (١) . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُعْطَوْنَ كُتُبَهُمْ بِأَيْمَانِهِمْ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَالرَّبِيعُ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مَيَامِينَ مُبَارَكِينَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَكَانَتْ أَعْمَارُهُمْ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَهُمُ التَّابِعُونَ بِإِحْسَانٍ (٢) ثُمَّ عَجَّبَ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ﴾ وَهَذَا كَمَا يُقَالُ: زَيْدٌ مَا زَيْدٌ! يُرَادُ زَيْدٌ شَدِيدٌ. ﴿وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ﴾ يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ الشِّمَالِ وَالْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي الْيَدَ الْيُسْرَى الشُّؤْمَى وَمِنْهُ يُسَمَّى الشَّامُ وَالْيَمَنُ لِأَنَّ الْيَمَنَ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَالشَّامُ عَنْ شِمَالِهَا وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْخَذُ بِهِمْ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ إِلَى النَّارِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا عَلَى شِمَالِ آدَمَ عِنْدَ إِخْرَاجِ الذُّرِّيَّةِ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ: هَؤُلَاءِ فِي النَّارِ وَلَا أُبَالِي. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْتَوْنَ كُتُبَهُمْ بِشِمَالِهِمْ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: هُمُ الْمَشَائِيمُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَكَانَتْ أَعْمَارُهُمْ فِي الْمَعَاصِي (٣) . ﴿وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى الْهِجْرَةِ هُمُ السَّابِقُونَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ صَلَّوْا إِلَى الْقِبْلَتَيْنِ (٤) . دَلِيلُهُ: قَوْلُهُ:

(١) انظر: القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٩٨. (٢) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٠٤، القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٩٨. (٣) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٠٤. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٧١، وانظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٢٠٥.