Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/451)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

this point, consists of admonitions, deterrents, and warnings. All of this is a blessing from Allah Most High, because it restrains people from acts of disobedience. This is why He concludes each verse with His words: “So which of your Lord’s favors will you two deny?”

“Whoever fears standing before his Lord will have two gardens (46). So which of your Lord’s favors will you two deny? (47)”

He then mentioned what He has prepared for those who are mindful of Him and fear Him, saying: “Whoever fears standing before his Lord”: that is, standing before his Lord for judgment, and thus abandons sin and desire. It was also said that it means his Lord’s watchfulness over him, as indicated by His words: “Is He, then, who watches over every soul, knowing what it has earned...?” (al-Ra‘d, 33). Ibrahim and Mujahid said: This is the one who contemplates committing a sin, but then remembers Allah and abandons it out of fear of Allah. (1)

“Two gardens.” Muqatil said: The Garden of Everlasting Residence and the Garden of Bliss. (2) Muhammad ibn Ali al-Tirmidhi said: One garden for his fear of his Lord, and one garden for abandoning his desire. (3)

Al-Dahhak said: This is for one who is mindful of Allah in private and in public: whenever something forbidden presents itself to him, he leaves it out of fear of Allah; and whatever good deed he performs, he devotes it to Allah, not wishing anyone to see it.

Qatadah said: The believers feared that standing, so they worked for Allah and strove night and day. (4)

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Qurashi informed us; Abu Muslim Ghalib ibn Ali al-Razi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Yunus narrated to us; Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Isa al-Hulwani informed us; and Muhammad ibn Ubayd al-Hamdani informed us; Hashim ibn al-Qasim informed us, from Abu Aqil—al-Thaqafi—from Yazid ibn Sinan, who said: I heard [Bukayr] (5) ibn Fayruz say: I heard Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever fears sets out early in the night, and whoever sets out early in the night reaches the destination. Indeed, Allah’s commodity is precious; indeed, Allah’s commodity is Paradise.” (6)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abd Allah al-Taysafuni informed us,

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:146. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:706; al-Qurtubi, 17:176. (2) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:196. (3) See al-Qurtubi, 17:176. (4) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:147. Al-Suyuti additionally attributes it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:706, to Abd ibn Humayd. (5) Manuscript A reads Bakr; the correct reading is that established from manuscript B. (6) Reported by al-Tirmidhi, Sifat al-Qiyamah, chapter: “Whoever fears sets out by night,” 7:146-147. Abu Isa said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith; we know it only through the hadith of Abu al-Nadr.” Al-Hakim authenticated it, 4:307-308, and al-Dhahabi concurred. It has a corroborating report from Ubayy ibn Kab recorded by al-Hakim and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:271. See also al-Jami al-Saghir wa-Ziyadatuh, no. 6222.

ههنا مَوَاعِظُ وَزَوَاجِرُ وَتَخْوِيفٌ. وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ نِعْمَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، لِأَنَّهَا تَزْجُرُ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي وَلِذَلِكَ خَتَمَ كُلَّ آيَةٍ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ﴾ . ﴿وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ (٤٦) فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ (٤٧) ﴾ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أَعَدَّهُ لِمَنِ اتَّقَاهُ وَخَافَهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ﴾ أَيْ: مَقَامَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَبِّهِ لِلْحِسَابِ فَتَرَكَ الْمَعْصِيَةَ وَالشَّهْوَةَ. وَقِيلَ: قِيَامُ رَبِّهِ عَلَيْهِ، بَيَانُهُ قَوْلُهُ: "أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ" (الرَّعْدِ-٣٣) ، وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ الَّذِي يَهُمُّ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فَيَدَعَهَا مِنْ مَخَافَةِ اللَّهِ (١) . ﴿جَنَّتَانِ﴾ ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: جَنَّةُ عَدْنٍ وَجَنَّةُ نَعِيمٍ (٢) . قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: جَنَّةٌ لِخَوْفِهِ رَبَّهُ وَجَنَّةٌ لِتَرْكِهِ شَهْوَتَهُ (٣) . قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: هَذَا لِمَنْ رَاقَبَ اللَّهَ فِي السِّرِّ وَالْعَلَانِيَةِ بِعِلْمِهِ مَا عَرَضَ لَهُ مِنْ مُحَرَّمٍ تَرَكَهُ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ وَمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَفْضَى بِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، لَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ خَافُوا ذَلِكَ الْمَقَامَ فَعَمِلُوا لِلَّهِ وَدَأَبُوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقُرَشِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ غَالِبُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى الْحُلْوَانِيُّ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَقِيلٍ هُوَ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ سِنَانَ سَمِعْتُ [بُكَيْرَ] (٥) بْنَ فَيْرُوزَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ خَافَ أَدْلَجَ وَمَنْ أَدْلَجَ بَلَغَ الْمَنْزِلَ، أَلَا إِنَّ سِلْعَةَ اللَّهِ غَالِيَةٌ، أَلَا إِنَّ سِلْعَةَ اللَّهِ الْجَنَّةُ" (٦) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ،

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٤٦. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٧٠٦، القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٧٦. (٢) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٩٦. (٣) انظر: القرطبي: ١٧ / ١٧٦. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٤٧، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٧٠٦ عزوه لعبد بن حميد. (٥) في "أ" بكر، والصحيح ما أثبتناه من "ب". (٦) أخرجه الترمذي في صفة القيامة، باب من خاف أدلج:٧ / ١٤٦-١٤٧ قال أبو عيسى: "هذا حديث حسن غريب، لا نعرفه إلا من حديث أبي النضر". وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ٣٠٧-٣٠٨ ووافقه الذهبي. وله شاهد عند الحاكم من حديث أبي بن كعب،والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٧١. وانظر: الجامع الصغير وزيادته برقم: (٦٢٢٢) .