Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/446)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and forgiveness, while the angels too ask Him to grant them provision and forgiveness.

“Every day He is bringing about a matter.” Muqatil said: “This was revealed concerning the Jews when they said that Allah decrees nothing on the Sabbath.” (1)

The exegetes said: Among His affairs are giving life and causing death, providing sustenance, granting might to one people and humbling another, curing the sick, freeing the captive, relieving the distressed, answering the supplicant, giving to the petitioner, and forgiving sins—besides countless other acts and events which He brings about in His creation as He wills.

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Sharihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abdus al-Muzakki informed us by dictation; Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Bazzaz informed us; Yahya ibn al-Rabi‘ al-Makki informed us; Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah informed us; Abu Hamzah al-Thumali informed us, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: “Among what Allah created is a tablet of white pearl, whose two covers are of red ruby. Its pen is light and its writing is light. Allah looks upon it three hundred and sixty times every day: He creates, provides, gives life, causes death, grants might, humbles, and does whatever He wills. This is His saying: ‘Every day He is bringing about a matter.’” (2)

Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah said: “All time, in relation to Allah, is two days: one is the span of the days of this world, and the other is the Day of Resurrection. The matter with which He is occupied during the day that is the span of this world is the issuing of commands and prohibitions, giving life and causing death, giving and withholding. His affair on the Day of Resurrection is requital and reckoning, reward and punishment.” (3)

It was also said: Among His affairs—glorious is His mention—is that every day and night He sends forth three hosts: one host from the loins of fathers to the wombs of mothers, one host from the wombs into this world, and one host from this world to the graves. Then they all depart unto Allah.

(1) See Al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:193; Zad al-Masir, 8:114. (2) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq, 2:263-264; and al-Tabari, 27:135. Al-Suyuti, in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:699, additionally attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir, al-Tabarani, Abu al-Shaykh in Al-Azamah, Ibn Mardawayh, Abu Nuaym in Al-Hilyah, and al-Bayhaqi in Al-Asma wa al-Sifat. It was also reported by al-Hakim, 2:474, who said: “This hadith has an authentic chain of transmission, though al-Bukhari and Muslim did not include it.” Al-Dhahabi concurred. See also Ibn Kathir, 4:274. (3) See Al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:193; al-Qurtubi, 17:166-167.

وَالْمَغْفِرَةَ وَتَسْأَلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَيْضًا لَهُمُ الرِّزْقَ وَالْمَغْفِرَةَ. ﴿كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ﴾ ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِ حِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَقْضِي يَوْمَ السَّبْتَ شَيْئًا (١) . قَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: مِنْ شَأْنِهِ أَنْ يُحْيِيَ وَيُمِيتَ، وَيَرْزُقَ، وَيُعِزَّ قَوْمًا، وَيُذِلَّ قَوْمًا، وَيَشْفِيَ مَرِيضًا، وَيَفُكَّ عَانِيًا وَيُفَرِّجَ مَكْرُوبًا، وَيُجِيبَ دَاعِيًا، وَيُعْطِيَ سَائِلًا وَيَغْفِرَ ذَنْبًا إِلَى مَا لَا يُحْصَى مِنْ أَفْعَالِهِ وَأَحْدَاثِهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّرِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدُوسَ الْمُزَكِّي -إِمْلَاءً-أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْبَزَّازُ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْمَكِّيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيُّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَوْحًا مِنْ دُرَّةٍ بَيْضَاءَ، دَفَّتَاهُ يَاقُوتَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ، قَلَمُهُ نُورٌ وَكِتَابُهُ نُورٌ، يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهِ كل يوم ثلاث مائة وَسِتِّينَ نَظْرَةً، يَخْلُقُ وَيَرْزُقُ وَيُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَيُعِزُّ وَيُذِلُّ وَيَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: "كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ" (٢) . قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: الدَّهْرُ كُلُّهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا مُدَّةُ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخَرُ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَالشَّأْنُ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي هُوَ مُدَّةُ الدُّنْيَا: الْإِخْبَارُ بِالْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ وَالْإِحْيَاءِ وَالْإِمَاتَةِ، وَالْإِعْطَاءِ وَالْمَنْعِ، وَشَأْنُ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ: الْجَزَاءُ وَالْحِسَابُ، وَالثَّوَابُ وَالْعِقَابُ (٣) . وَقِيلَ: شَأْنُهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ أَنَّهُ يُخْرِجُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ عَسَاكِرَ، عَسْكَرًا مِنْ أَصْلَابِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى أَرْحَامِ الْأُمَّهَاتِ، وَعَسْكَرًا مِنَ الْأَرْحَامِ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا، وَعَسْكَرًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى الْقُبُورِ، ثُمَّ يَرْتَحِلُونَ جَمِيعًا إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿.

(١) انظر البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٩٣، زاد المسير: ٨ / ١١٤. (٢) أخرجه عبد الرازق: ٢ / ٢٦٣-٢٦٤، والطبري:٢٧ / ١٣٥، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٩٩ عزوه لابن المنذر والطبراني وأبي الشيخ في العظمة وابن مردويه وأبي نعيم في الحلية والبيهقي في الأسماء والصفات. وأخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٧٤ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه، ووافقه الذهبي. وانظر ابن كثير: ٤ / ٢٧٤. (٣) انظر البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٩٣، القرطبي:١٧ / ١٦٦-١٦٧.