Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/435)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Indeed, We have created everything according to a precise decree. (49)”

Regarding His words, “Indeed, We have created everything according to a precise decree”: whatever We have created is decreed and written in the Preserved Tablet. Al-Hasan said: “Allah has assigned to everything among His creation the measure that is fitting for it.”

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Qurashi informed us; Abu Muslim Ghalib ibn Ali al-Razi informed us; Abu Ma'shar (1), Ya'qub ibn Abd al-Jalil ibn Ya'qub, informed us; Abu Yazid Hatim ibn Mahbub narrated to us; Ahmad ibn Nasr al-Naysaburi informed us; Abdullah ibn al-Walid al-Adani informed us; al-Thawri informed us from Ziyad ibn Isma'il al-Sahmi, from Muhammad ibn Abbad al-Makhzumi, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The polytheists of Quraysh came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, disputing with him concerning the divine decree. Then this verse was revealed: “Indeed, the guilty are in error and madness,” up to His words, “Indeed, We have created everything according to a precise decree.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni informed us; Abu Muhammad Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sharik al-Shafi'i al-Khudshahi informed us; Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Muslim, Abu Bakr al-Jawrabudhi, informed us; Yunus ibn Abd al-A'la al-Sadafi informed us; Abdullah ibn Wahb informed us; Abu Hani al-Khawlani informed me from Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli (3), from Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Allah wrote the decrees of all created beings fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth.” He said: “And His Throne was upon the water.” (4)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us from Malik, from Ziyad ibn Sa'd, from Amr ibn Muslim, from Tawus al-Yamani, who said: I met people among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, who would say, “Everything is by Allah’s decree.” He said: And I heard Abdullah ibn Umar (5), may Allah be pleased with him, say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Everything is by divine decree, even incapacity and resourcefulness—or resourcefulness and incapacity.” (6)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Abu Ja'far informed us;

(1) Manuscript A reads “mush'ir”; the correct reading is that established from manuscript B. (2) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Qadar, chapter: “Everything Is by Decree,” no. 2656, 4/2046; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/150. (3) Manuscript A reads “al-Jabali,” which is a scribal corruption. (4) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Qadar, chapter: “The Debate between Adam and Moses,” no. 2653, 4/2044; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/123. (5) Manuscript B reads “Amr”; the correct reading is that given above. (6) Narrated by Imam Malik in al-Muwatta, Kitab al-Qadar, chapter: “The Prohibition of Speaking about Divine Decree,” 2/899; by Muslim in Kitab al-Qadar, chapter: “Everything Is by Decree,” no. 2655, 4/2045; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/134.

﴿إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ (٤٩) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ﴾ أَيْ: مَا خَلَقْنَاهُ فَمَقْدُورٌ وَمَكْتُوبٌ فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ قَدَرَهُ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقُرَشِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ غَالِبُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرَّازِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو [مَعْشَرٍ] (١) يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَلِيلِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ حَاتِمُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْعَدَنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّهْمِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ مُشْرِكُو قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُخَاصِمُونَهُ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: "إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي ضَلَالٍ وَسُعُرٍ" إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: "إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ الْخُدْشَاهِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْجَوْرَبَذِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الصَّدَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرني أبو هانيء الْخَوْلَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ [الْحُبُلِيُّ] (٣) عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ﵁ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "كَتَبَ اللَّهُ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أن يخلق السموات وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرْخَسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مسلم عن طاووس الْيَمَانِيِّ قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُونَ: "كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ"، قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ [عُمَرَ] (٥) ﵁ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتَّى الْعَجْزُ وَالْكَيْسُ، أَوِ الْكَيْسُ وَالْعَجْزُ" (٦) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ

(١) في"أ" مشعر والصحيح ما أثبتناه من "ب". (٢) أخرجه مسلم في القدر، باب كل شيء بقدر، برقم: (٢٦٥٦) : ٤ / ٢٠٤٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة:١ / ١٥٠. (٣) في "أ" الجبلي، وهو تصحيف. (٤) أخرجه مسلم في القدر، باب حجاج آدم وموسى ﵉، برقم: (٢٦٥٣) : ٤ / ٢٠٤٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة:١ / ١٢٣. (٥) في "ب"عمرو، والصحيح ما أثبتناه. (٦) أخرجه الإمام مالك في الموطأ، كتاب القدر، باب النهي عن القول بالقدر:٢ / ٨٩٩، ومسلم في القدر، باب كل شيء بقدر، برقم: (٢٦٥٥) : ٤ / ٢٠٤٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٣٤.