Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/432)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Zayd said: It is weathered trees that have crumbled away until the wind has scattered them (1). The meaning is that they became like dry trees when they are broken apart. The Arabs call anything that was once moist and then dries out dry debris.

Qatadah said: Like decayed, burned bones (2). Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: It is the dust that crumbles away from a wall (3).

“And We have certainly made the Quran easy for remembrance; so is there anyone who will take heed? The people of Lot denied the warnings. Indeed, We sent against them a storm of stones, except for the family of Lot, whom We saved before dawn, as a favor from Us. Thus do We reward whoever is grateful. And he had warned them of Our assault, but they disputed the warnings. And they sought to entice him away from his guests, so We obliterated their eyes: ‘Taste My punishment and My warnings!’” (32–37)

“And We have certainly made the Quran easy for remembrance; so is there anyone who will take heed? The people of Lot denied the warnings. Indeed, We sent against them a storm of stones”: a wind pelting them with pebbles, which are small stones. Al-Dahhak said: This means small pebbles. It was also said that pebbles are stones smaller than a handful. The word may also mean one who throws; according to this interpretation, the meaning is: We sent against them a punishment that pelted them—that is, hurled stones at them. He then made an exception, saying: “Except for the family of Lot,” meaning Lot and his two daughters: “We saved them” from the punishment “before dawn.”

“As a favor from Us”: that is, We made it a favor from Us to them when We saved them. “Thus”—just as We bestowed favor upon the family of Lot—“do We reward whoever is grateful.” Muqatil said: Whoever affirms the oneness of Allah will not be punished along with the polytheists.

“And he had warned them,” that is, Lot, “of Our assault”: of Our seizing them in punishment. “But they disputed the warnings”: they doubted the warning, denied it, and did not believe.

“And they sought to entice him away from his guests”: they demanded that he hand his guests over to them. “So We obliterated their eyes.” This was because, when they came to Lot’s house and tried to force open the door in order to enter, the messengers said [to Lot] (4): “Let them enter, for we are messengers from your Lord; they will never reach you.” They entered the house, 146/b and Gabriel struck them with his wing by Allah’s permission, leaving them blind, wandering about in confusion and unable to find the door. Lot then led them out, blind and unable to see. His saying, “So We obliterated their eyes,” means: We made them

(1) See Ibn Kathir, 4:266. (2) See al-Tabari, 27:103; al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:181. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 27:103. Ibn Kathir stated, 4:266: “This is an unusual view.” Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:680, to Abd ibn Humayd. (4) Omitted in manuscript B.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: هُوَ الشَّجَرُ الْبَالِي الَّذِي تَهَشَّمَ حَتَّى ذَرَتْهُ الرِّيحُ (١) . وَالْمَعْنَى: أَنَّهُمْ صَارُوا كَيَبَسِ الشَّجَرِ إِذَا تَحَطَّمَ، وَالْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ رَطْبًا فَيَبِسَ: هَشِيمًا. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَالْعِظَامِ النَّخِرَةِ الْمُحْتَرِقَةِ (٢) . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: هُوَ التُّرَابُ الَّذِي يَتَنَاثَرُ مِنَ الْحَائِطِ (٣) . ﴿وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآنَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ (٣٢) كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ بِالنُّذُرِ (٣٣) إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَاصِبًا إِلَّا آلَ لُوطٍ نَجَّيْنَاهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ (٣٤) نِعْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي مَنْ شَكَرَ (٣٥) وَلَقَدْ أَنْذَرَهُمْ بَطْشَتَنَا فَتَمَارَوْا بِالنُّذُرِ (٣٦) وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدُوهُ عَنْ ضَيْفِهِ فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنَهُمْ فَذُوقُوا عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ (٣٧) ﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآنَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ بِالنُّذُرِ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَاصِبًا﴾ رِيحًا تَرْمِيهِمْ بِالْحَصْبَاءِ، وَهِيَ الْحَصَى وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: يَعْنِي صِغَارَ الْحَصَى. وَقِيلَ: "الْحَصْبَاءُ" هِيَ الْحَجَرُ الَّذِي دُونَ مِلْءِ الْكَفِّ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْحَاصِبُ الرَّامِي فَيَكُونُ الْمَعْنَى عَلَى هَذَا: أَرْسَلَنَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَذَابًا يَحْصِبُهُمْ أَيْ: يَرْمِيهِمْ بِالْحِجَارَةِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى فَقَالَ: ﴿إِلَّا آلَ لُوطٍ﴾ يَعْنِي لُوطًا وَابْنَتَيْهِ ﴿نَجَّيْنَاهُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ﴿بِسَحَرٍ﴾ . ﴿نِعْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا﴾ أَيْ: جَعَلْنَاهُ نِعْمَةً مِنَّا عَلَيْهِمْ حَيْثُ أَنْجَيْنَاهُمْ ﴿كَذَلِكَ﴾ كَمَا أَنْعَمَنَا عَلَى آلِ لُوطٍ ﴿نَجْزِي مَنْ شَكَرَ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: مَنْ وَحَّدَ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُعَذِّبْهُ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَنْذَرَهُمْ﴾ لُوطٌ ﴿بَطْشَتَنَا﴾ أَخْذَنَا إِيَّاهُمْ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ ﴿فَتَمَارَوْا بِالنُّذُرِ﴾ شَكُّوا بِالْإِنْذَارِ وَكَذَّبُوا وَلَمْ يُصَدِّقُوا. ﴿وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدُوهُ عَنْ ضَيْفِهِ﴾ طَلَبُوا أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَضْيَافَهُ ﴿فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنَهُمْ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا قَصَدُوا دَارَ لُوطٍ وَعَالَجُوا الْبَابَ لِيَدْخُلُوا، قَالَتِ الرُّسُلُ [لِلُوطٍ] (٤) : خَلِّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الدُّخُولِ فَإِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَيْكَ، فدخلوا الدار ١٤٦/ب فَصَفَقَهُمْ جِبْرِيلُ بِجَنَاحِهِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ فَتَرَكَهُمْ عُمْيًا يَتَرَدَّدُونَ مُتَحَيِّرِينَ لَا يَهْتَدُونَ إِلَى الْبَابِ، فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ لُوطٌ عُمْيًا لَا يُبْصِرُونَ. قَوْلُهُ: "فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنَهُمْ" أَيْ: صَيَّرْنَاهَا

(١) انظر: ابن كثير: ٤ / ٢٦٦. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٠٣، البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٨١. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٠٣، وقال ابن كثير: ٤ / ٢٦٦ "هذا قول غريب" وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٨٠ لعبد بن حميد. (٤) ساقط من "ب".