Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/418)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And that He created the two sexes—the male and the female—from a drop of semen when it is emitted, and that the second creation rests with Him.”

Regarding His words, “And that it is He who causes laughter and weeping”: this indicates that everything a person does is by His decree and creation, even laughter and weeping. Mujahid and al-Kalbi said: “He causes the people of Paradise to laugh in Paradise, and He causes the people of the Fire to weep in the Fire.” Al-Dahhak said: “He makes the earth laugh through vegetation, and makes the sky weep through rain.”

Ata ibn Abi Muslim said: It means that I cause joy and grief, for joy brings laughter and grief brings weeping.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Jad informed us; Qays—namely, ibn al-Rabi al-Asadi—informed us; Simak ibn Harb said: I said to Jabir ibn Samurah, “Did you sit with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?” He said, “Yes. His Companions would sit, recite poetry to one another, and mention matters from the Age of Ignorance. They would laugh, and when they laughed, he would smile with them”—meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. (1)

Mamar related from Qatadah that Ibn Umar was asked, “Did the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, laugh?” He replied, “Yes, while the faith in their hearts was greater than a mountain.” (2)

Regarding His words, “And that it is He who causes death and gives life”: that is, He causes death in this worldly life and gives life for the Resurrection. It was also said: He causes the fathers to die and gives life to the sons. And it was said: He causes the disbeliever to die through ignorance and gives the believer life through knowledge.

Regarding His words, “And that He created the two sexes—the male and the female”: this applies to every living creature.

Regarding His words, “From a drop of semen when it is emitted”: that is, when it is poured into the womb. The verbs manā and amnā are used of a man emitting semen. This was stated by al-Dahhak and Ata ibn Abi Rabah. Others said that it means, “when it is determined.” One says manaytu of a thing when one has determined it.

Regarding His words, “And that the second creation rests with Him”: that is, the second creation for resurrection on the Day of Resurrection.

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Adab, chapter: “What Has Been Related Regarding the Recitation of Poetry,” 8:142-143. He said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, 5:91; and by Muslim in al-Fada'il, chapter: “His Smiling and Excellent Conduct,” no. 2322, 4:1810, with the wording: “Did you used to sit with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?” He replied, “Yes, often. He would not rise from the place where he prayed the dawn prayer until the sun had risen. When it rose, he would get up. They would converse and speak about matters from the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period), and they would laugh while he, peace be upon him, smiled.” (2) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 11:451.

﴿وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى (٤٥) مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَى (٤٦) وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُخْرَى (٤٧) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى﴾ فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا يَعْمَلُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ فَبِقَضَائِهِ وَخَلْقِهِ حَتَّى الضَّحِكُ وَالْبُكَاءُ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: أَضْحَكَ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَبْكَى أَهْلَ النَّارِ فِي النَّارِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَضْحَكَ الْأَرْضَ بِالنَّبَاتِ، وَأَبْكَى السَّمَاءَ بِالْمَطَرِ. قَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ: يَعْنِي أَفْرَحُ وَأَحْزَنُ، لِأَنَّ الْفَرَحَ يَجْلِبُ الضَّحِكَ، وَالْحُزْنَ يَجْلِبُ الْبُكَاءَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا قَيْسٌ، هُوَ ابْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْأَسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِجَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ: أَكَنْتَ تُجَالِسُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَجْلِسُونَ وَيَتَنَاشَدُونَ الشِّعْرَ، وَيَذْكُرُونَ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَيَضْحَكُونَ وَيَتَبَسَّمُ مَعَهُمْ إِذَا ضَحِكُوا (١) -يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ. وَقَالَ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ هَلْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضْحَكُونَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَالْإِيمَانُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ (٢) . ﴿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا﴾ أَيْ: أَمَاتَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَحْيَا لِلْبَعْثِ. وَقِيلَ: أَمَاتَ الْآبَاءَ وَأَحْيَا الْأَبْنَاءَ. وَقِيلَ: أَمَاتَ الْكَافِرَ بِالنَّكِرَةِ وَأَحْيَا الْمُؤْمِنَ بِالْمَعْرِفَةِ. ﴿وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى﴾ مِنْ كُلِّ حَيَوَانٍ. ﴿مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَى﴾ أَيْ: تُصَبُّ فِي الرَّحِمِ، يُقَالُ: مَنَى الرَّجُلُ وَأَمْنَى. قَالَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: تُقَدَّرُ، يُقَالُ: مَنَيْتُ الشَّيْءَ إِذَا قَدَّرْتُهُ. ﴿وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُخْرَى﴾ أَيِ: الْخَلْقَ الثَّانِي لِلْبَعْثِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في الآداب، باب ما جاء في إنشاد الشعر: ٨ / ١٤٢-١٤٣ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح"، والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٩١. وأخرجه مسلم في الفضائل، باب تبسمه ﷺ وحسن عشرته برقم: (٢٣٢٢) : ٤ / ١٨١٠ بلفظ: "أكنت تجالس رسول الله ﷺ؟ قال: نعم. كثيرًا. كان لا يقوم من مصلاه الذي يصلي فيه الصبح حتى تطلع الشمس. فإذا طلعت قام. وكانوا يتحدثون فيأخذون في أمر الجاهلية فيضحكون ويتبسم ﷺ". (٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في "المصنف": ١١ / ٤٥١.