Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/275)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “and they approach the end of their waiting period”: that is, they come close to becoming irrevocably separated by the expiry of the waiting period. What is not meant is its actual expiry, for once the waiting period has expired, the husband has no means of retaining her. Thus, “reaching” here means drawing near. But in His saying later, “and they reach the end of their waiting period, then do not prevent them,” it means the actual expiry of the waiting period. The word “reaching” encompasses both meanings: one may say that someone “reached Medina” when he came near to it, and when he entered it.

“Then retain them” means: take them back. “In a fair manner”: it was said that taking them back fairly means having witnesses to her return and taking her back through a verbal declaration, not through intercourse.

“Or release them in a fair manner”: that is, leave them until their waiting period expires, whereupon they will have full authority over themselves. “Do not retain them in order to harm them and thereby transgress”: that is, do not intend, by taking them back, to harm them by prolonging their confinement. “Whoever does that has certainly wronged himself”: that is, he has harmed [38/b] himself by disobeying the command of Allah, exalted is He. “Do not treat the verses of Allah as a mockery.” Al-Kalbi said: this refers to His saying, exalted is He, “Retain them in a fair manner or release them with good treatment.” Whoever contravenes the command of the Sacred Law treats the verses of Allah as a mockery. Abu al-Darda said: This was when a man would divorce his wife and then say, “I was only joking,” or emancipate a slave and say the same [or marry and say the same]. (1)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abd Allah ibn Amr al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani informed us; Ali ibn Hujr informed us; Ismail ibn Jafar informed us, from Abu Habib ibn Ardak, from Ata ibn Abi Rabah, from Ibn Mahak, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There are three matters in which seriousness is binding and jesting is binding: divorce, marriage, and taking one’s wife back.” (2)

“Remember Allah’s favour upon you”: through faith. “And what He has sent down to you of the Book”: that is, the Quran; “and wisdom”: that is, the sunnah. It was also said that it means the Quran’s admonitions: “by which He admonishes you. Fear Allah, and know that Allah is All-Knowing of everything.”

(1) Omitted from manuscript (A). (2) Reported by Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Talaq (Divorce), chapter: “Divorce uttered in jest,” 3:118-19; al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Talaq, chapter: “What has been related concerning seriousness and jest in divorce,” 4:362, who said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith”; Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Talaq, chapter: “One who divorces, marries, or takes back his wife in jest,” no. 2039, 1:658; al-Hakim, 2:197, who authenticated it; and al-Daraqutni, al-Sunan, 3:256-57. Its chain includes Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib ibn Ardak, concerning whom there is disagreement: al-Nasai said, “His hadith are objectionable,” while others deemed him trustworthy. Al-Hafiz therefore considered it hasan (Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, 4:362). It is also recorded in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:219. See al-Talkhis al-Habir, 3:207, and Irwa al-Ghalil, 6:224-28.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ﴾ أَيْ أَشْرَفْنَ عَلَى أَنْ يَبِنَّ بِانْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ، وَلَمْ يُرِدْ حَقِيقَةَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ، لِأَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلزَّوْجِ إِمْسَاكُهَا، فَالْبُلُوغُ هَاهُنَا بُلُوغُ مُقَارَبَةٍ، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى بَعْدَ هَذَا ﴿فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ﴾ حَقِيقَةُ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ، وَالْبُلُوغُ يَتَنَاوَلُ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ، يُقَالُ: بَلَغَ الْمَدِينَةَ إِذَا قَرُبَ مِنْهَا وَإِذَا دَخَلَهَا ﴿فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ﴾ أَيْ رَاجَعُوهُنَّ ﴿بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ قِيلَ الْمُرَاجَعَةُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَنْ يُشْهِدَ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا وَأَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا بِالْقَوْلِ لَا بِالْوَطْءِ. ﴿أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ أَيِ اتْرُكُوهُنَّ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهُنَّ فَيَكُنَّ أَمْلَكَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا﴾ أَيْ لَا تَقْصِدُوا بِالرَّجْعَةِ الْمُضَارَّةَ بِتَطْوِيلِ الْحَبْسِ ﴿وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ﴾ أي أضر ٣٨/ب بِنَفْسِهِ بِمُخَالَفَةِ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ﴿وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: "فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ" وَكُلُّ مَنْ خَالَفَ أَمْرَ الشَّرْعِ فَهُوَ مُتَّخِذٌ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا، وَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ هُوَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا، وَيُعْتِقُ وَيَقُولُ: مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ [وَيَنْكِحُ وَيَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ] (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْجَوْهَرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَرْدَكَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ "ثَلَاثٌ جِدُّهُنَّ جِدٌّ، وَهَزْلُهُنَّ جِدٌّ: الطَّلَاقُ وَالنِّكَاحُ وَالرَّجْعَةُ" (٢) . ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ بِالْإِيمَانِ ﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ ﴿وَالْحِكْمَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي: السُّنَّةَ، وَقِيلَ: مَوَاعِظُ الْقُرْآنِ ﴿يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾

(١) ساقط من (أ) . (٢) رواه أبو داود: في الطلاق - باب: في الطلاق على الهزل ٣ / ١١٨-١١٩. والترمذي: في الطلاق - باب: ما جاء في الجد والهزل في الطلاق ٤ / ٣٦٢ وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب. وابن ماجه: في الطلاق - باب: من طلق أو نكح أو راجع لاعبا برقم (٢٠٣٩) ١ / ٦٥٨. والحاكم: ٢ / ١٩٧ وصححه والدارقطني في السنن ٣ / ٢٥٦-٢٥٧. وفي إسناده عبد الرحمن بن حبيب بن أردك وهو مختلف فيه: قال النسائي: منكر الحديث ووثقه غيره، قال الحافظ فهو على هذا حسن (تحفة الأحوذي: ٤ / ٣٦٢) . والمصنف في شرح السنة ٩ / ٢١٩ انظر التلخيص الحبير ٣ / ٢٠٧ وإرواء الغليل ٦ / ٢٢٤-٢٢٨.