Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/389)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Hadithi informed me; Sa‘id ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Sayrafi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Jubarah ibn al-Mughallis narrated to us; Qays ibn al-Rabi‘ narrated to us; Amr ibn Murrah narrated to us, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Allah will raise the believing person’s descendants to his rank, even if they are below him in deeds, so that his eyes may be gladdened by them.” He then recited: “Those who believed and whose descendants followed them in faith—We will unite their descendants with them,” to the end of the verse. (1)

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abu Abdullah ibn Fanjawayh al-Daynawari informed us; Abu Bakr ibn Malik al-Qati‘i narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us; Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to me; Muhammad ibn Fudayl narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Uthman, from Zadhan, from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her, asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about two children of hers who had died during the Jahiliyyah. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “They are in the Fire.” When he saw the displeasure on her face, he said: “If you were to see their place, you would detest them.” She said, “O Messenger of Allah, what then of my children by you?” He said: “They are in Paradise.” Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “The believers and their children are in Paradise, and the polytheists and their children are in the Fire.” He then recited: “Those who believed and whose descendants followed them in faith—We will unite their descendants with them.” (2)

“Every person is held in pledge for what he has earned.” Muqatil said: Every disbelieving person is held in pledge in the Fire for the polytheism he committed, whereas the believer is not held in pledge, as Allah, exalted is He, says: “Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned, except the companions of the right.” He then mentioned the further goodness and blessing He would bestow upon them, saying:

(1) It was narrated through several routes: al-Tabari, 27/24-25; al-Hakim, 2/468; al-Bazzar, 3/70 (Kashf al-Astar); al-Tahawi, Mushkil al-Athar, 2/14-15; Hannad, al-Zuhd, 1/270; Ibn Adi, al-Kamil, 6/2066; and Abu Nuaym, al-Hilyah, 4/302. Al-Haythami states in Majma al-Zawaid, 7/114: “Al-Bazzar narrated it, and its chain includes Qays ibn al-Rabi; Shu'bah and al-Thawri declared him trustworthy, though he has been deemed weak.” It states in al-Taqrib: “He was truthful, but changed in old age, and his son inserted into his material reports that were not from his hadith, which he then narrated.” It was also narrated by Ibn Mardawayh, Said ibn Mansur, Ibn al-Mundhir, and al-Bayhaqi in his Sunan. See also: al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 160; al-Manawi, al-Fath al-Samawi, 3/1010, with the editor’s notes; Hannad, al-Zuhd, 1/270-71, with the editor’s notes; and al-Durr al-Manthur, 7/632. (2) It was narrated by Abdullah, the son of Imam Ahmad, in Zawaid al-Musnad, 1/134-35, and by Ibn Abi Asim in al-Sunnah, 1/94. Al-Haythami states in Majma al-Zawaid, 7/217, after attributing it to Abdullah: “It contains Muhammad ibn Uthman, whom I do not know; its remaining narrators are narrators of the Sahih.” Al-Dhahabi rejected it in al-Mizan, 3/642, in the biographical entry on Muhammad ibn Uthman, saying: “It is not known who Muhammad ibn Uthman is. I searched extensively for him, and he has a denounced report,” after which he cited the hadith. Abu Yala also narrated it in his Musnad, through Sahl ibn Ziyad, 6/310, from Abdullah ibn Nawfal—or from Abdullah ibn Buraydah, Sahl being uncertain—from Khadijah. Al-Haythami states in Majma al-Zawaid, 7/217-18: “Al-Tabarani and Abu Yala narrated it, and the narrators of both chains are trustworthy, except that Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Nawfal and Ibn Buraydah did not meet Khadijah.” It is therefore disconnected. See also al-Albani, Dhilal al-Jannah fi Takhrij al-Sunnah, 1/94-95.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّرِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَدِيثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جُبَارَةُ بْنُ الْمُغَلِّسِ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَرْفَعُ ذُرِّيَّةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي دَرَجَتِهِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا دُونَهُ فِي الْعَمَلِ، لِتَقَرَّ بِهِمْ عَيْنُهُ"، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: "وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ"، إِلَى آخَرِ الْآيَةِ (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشَّرِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْقُطَيْعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُثْمَانُ ابن أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زَاذَانَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: سَأَلَتْ خَدِيجَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ وَلَدَيْنِ مَاتَا لَهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هُمَا فِي النَّارِ"، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْكَرَاهَةَ فِي وَجْهِهَا، قَالَ: "لَوْ رَأَيْتِ مَكَانَهُمَا لَأَبْغَضْتِهِمَا"، قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَوَلَدِي مِنْكَ؟ قَالَ: "فِي الْجَنَّةِ" ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ فِي النَّارِ"، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ" (٢) . ﴿كُلُّ امْرِئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: كُلُّ امْرِئٍ كَافِرٍ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ مُرْتَهَنٌ فِي النَّارِ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَكُونُ مُرْتَهَنًا، لِقَوْلِهِ ﷿: "كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ"، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا يَزِيدُهُمْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالنِّعْمَةِ فَقَالَ:

(١) روي من طرق عدة، فأخرجه الطبري: ٢٧ / ٢٤-٢٥، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٦٨، والبزار: ٣ / ٧٠ (كشف الأستار) ، والطحاوي في مشكل الآثار: ٢ / ١٤و١٥ وهناد في الزهد: ١ / ٢٧٠، وابن عدي في الكامل: ٦ / ٢٠٦٦، وأبو نعيم في الحلية: ٤ / ٣٠٢. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١١٤: "رواه البزار وفيه قيس بن الربيع، وثقه شعبة والثوري وفيه ضعف". وقال في التقريب: "صدوق تغير لما كبر وأدخل عليه ابنه ما ليس من حديثه فحدث به". وأخرجه أيضًا: ابن مردويه وسعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر والبيهقي في سننه. وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٦٠) ، الفتح السماوي للمناوي: ٣ / ١٠١٠ مع حاشية المحقق، الزهد لهناد: ١ / ٢٧٠-٧١ مع حاشية المحقق، الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٣٢. (٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن الإمام أحمد في زوائد المسند: ١ / ١٣٤،١٣٥، وابن أبي عاصم في السنة: ١ / ٩٤. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٢١٧ بعد عزوه لعبد الله: "فيه محمد بن عثمان، ولم أعرفه وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح". وأنكره الذهبي في "الميزان": ٣ / ٦٤٢ في ترجمة محمد بن عثمان وقال: "محمد بن عثمان لا يدري من هو، فتشت عنه في أماكن وله خبر منكر" ثم ساق الحديث. ورواه أبو يعلي في مسنده من طريق سهل بن زياد: ٦ / ٣١٠ عن عبد الله بن نوفل أو عن عبد الله بن بريدة - شك سهل- عن خديجة، وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٢١٧-٢١٨ "رواه الطبراني وأبو يعلي، ورجالهما ثقات إلا أن عبد الله بن الحارث بن نوفل وابن بريدة لم يدركا خديجة". فهو منقطع. وانظر: ظلال الجنة في تخريج السنة للألباني: ١ / ٩٤-٩٥.