Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/273)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah Most High says: “These are the limits set by Allah”—that is, these are Allah’s commands and prohibitions. The limits set by Allah are those boundaries which the Sacred Law forbids one to overstep. “So do not transgress them.” That is, do not overstep them. “Whoever transgresses the limits set by Allah—it is they who are the wrongdoers.”

Allah Most High says: “If he divorces her”—that is, with the third divorce—“she is not lawful for him thereafter”—that is, after the third divorce—“until she marries another husband,” meaning someone other than the husband who divorced her, and he consummates the marriage with her. The term marriage encompasses both sexual intercourse and the marriage contract. This verse was revealed concerning Tamimah; it is also said that it concerned Aishah bint Abd al-Rahman ibn Atiq al-Qurazi. She was married to her cousin, Rifa'ah ibn Wahb ibn Atiq al-Qurazi, who divorced her three times.

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafi'i informed us; Sufyan informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aishah, the Mother of the Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The wife of Rifa'ah al-Qurazi came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “I was married to Rifa'ah al-Qurazi, and he divorced me definitively. After him, I married Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Zubayr, but he has only something like the fringe of a garment.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, smiled and said, “Do you wish to return to Rifa'ah?” She said, “Yes.” He said, “No—not until he tastes your honey and you taste his honey.” (1)

It is also related that she remained for as long as Allah willed, then returned to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “My husband has had intercourse with me.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to her, “You lied in your first statement, so we shall not believe you in the latter.” She remained so until the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, passed away. Then she came to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, and said, “O successor of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, may I return to my first husband? My latter husband has had intercourse with me and divorced me.” Abu Bakr said to her, “I witnessed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, when you came to him, and he told you what he told you. So do not return to him.” When Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, passed away, she came to Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and said the same to him. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said to her, “If you return to him, I shall surely stone you.” (2)

Allah Most High says: “If he divorces her, then there is no blame upon them if they return to one another.” That is, if the second husband divorces her after having consummated the marriage with her, “there is no blame upon them”—meaning upon the woman and her first husband—“if they return to one another,” meaning through a new marriage contract, “if they think,” that is, if they know; and it is also said: if they hope—for no one knows what will occur except Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He—“that they can uphold the limits set by Allah,” meaning that harmony and good companionship will exist between them.

Mujahid said: Its meaning is: if they know that their marriage is not based on a contrivance—by which he meant making her lawful again for her first husband. This is the position of Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, Malik, Ahmad, and Ishaq. They said: If a woman divorced three times marries another husband in order that he make her lawful for the first husband, the marriage is invalid. A group held that, if no condition is stipulated in the marriage

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Divorce, chapter: Whoever Says to His Wife, “You Are Forbidden to Me,” 9:371; by Muslim in The Book of Marriage, chapter: A Woman Divorced Three Times Is Not Lawful for Her Former Husband Until She Marries Another Husband, no. 1433, 2:1055; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:232. (2) See Ibn Hajar, al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 20. He attributed it to Abd al-Razzaq, in whose al-Musannaf it appears in an abbreviated form, 6:347.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ هَذِهِ أَوَامِرُ اللَّهِ وَنَوَاهِيهِ، وَحُدُودُ اللَّهِ، مَا مَنَعَ الشَّرْعُ مِنَ الْمُجَاوَزَةِ عَنْهُ ﴿فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا﴾ فَلَا تُجَاوِزُوهَا ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا﴾ يَعْنِي الطَّلْقَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ ﴿فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الطَّلْقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ ﴿حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ أَيْ: غَيْرَ الْمُطَلِّقِ فَيُجَامِعُهَا، وَالنِّكَاحُ يَتَنَاوَلُ الْوَطْءَ وَالْعَقْدَ جَمِيعًا، نَزَلَتْ فِي تَمِيمَةَ وَقِيلَ فِي عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ابْنِ عَمِّهَا رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﵂ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهَا تَقُولُ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ فَطَلَّقَنِي فَبَتَّ طَلَاقِي، وَتَزَوَّجْتُ بَعْدَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَإِنَّمَا مَعَهُ مِثْلُ هُدْبَةِ الثَّوْبِ، فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: "أَتُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ" قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ: "لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ وَتَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ" (١) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهَا لَبِثَتْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ زَوْجِي قَدْ مَسَّنِي فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ كَذَبْتِ بِقَوْلِكِ الْأَوَّلِ فَلَنْ نُصَدِّقَكِ فِي الْآخَرِ. فَلَبِثَتْ حَتَّى قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَتَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ﵁ فَقَالَتْ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِي الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّ زَوْجِي الْآخَرَ قَدْ مَسَّنِي وَطَلَّقَنِي فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: قَدْ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَتَيْتِهِ وَقَالَ لَكِ مَا قَالَ فَلَا تَرْجِعِي إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁، أَتَتْ عُمَرَ ﵁ وَقَالَتْ لَهُ: مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا عُمَرُ ﵁: لَئِنْ رَجَعْتِ إِلَيْهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكِ" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا﴾ يَعْنِي فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي بَعْدَمَا جَامَعَهَا ﴿فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا﴾ يَعْنِي عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَعَلَى الزَّوْجِ الْأَوَّلِ ﴿أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا﴾ يَعْنِي بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ ﴿إِنْ ظَنَّا﴾ أَيْ عَلِمَا وَقِيلَ رَجَوَا، لِأَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يَعْلَمُ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا الصَّلَاحُ وَحُسْنُ الصُّحْبَةِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَعْنَاهُ إِنْ عَلِمَا أَنَّ نِكَاحَهُمَا عَلَى غَيْرِ الدُّلْسَةِ، وَأَرَادَ بِالدُّلْسَةِ التَّحْلِيلَ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَمَالِكٍ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ، قَالُوا: إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتِ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثًا زَوْجًا آخَرَ لِيُحَلِّلَهَا لِلزَّوْجِ الْأَوَّلِ: فَإِنَّ النِّكَاحَ فَاسِدٌ، وَذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْرُطْ فِي النِّكَاحِ

(١) رواه البخاري: في الطلاق - باب: من قال لامرأته أنت علي حرام ٩ / ٣٧١. ومسلم: في النكاح - باب: لا تحل المطلقة ثلاثة لمطلقها حتى تنكح زوجا غيره برقم (١٤٣٣) ٢ / ١٠٥٥. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٢٣٢. (٢) انظر الكافي الشاف لابن حجر ص٢٠ وقد عزاه لعبد الرزاق وهي عنده مختصرة / المصنف ٦ / ٣٤٧.